Chapter 11 - health problems of an infant

What age do infants start primary circular reactions? What is this?

1-4 mon begin to repeat pleasurable actions

What are the 3 things to look for to diagnose autism?

1. impairment in social interaction 2. impairment in communication 3. repetitive and stereotyped patterns on behavior or interests

What age do infants start tertiary circular reactions? What is this?

12-18 months trial and error experimentation

Posterior Fontanel closes

2-3 mos

What age do infants start secondary circular reactions? What is this?

4-8 months intentionally repeat actions to trigger a response

Anterior Fontanel closes

9mo-18mo

The nurse is evaluating an infant for auditory ability. What is the expected response in an infant with normal hearing? A. blinking and stopping body movements when sound is introduced B . evidence of shy and withdrawn behaviors C saying "da-da" by age 5 months D. absence of squealing by age 4 months

A

___ in _____ kids in USA have autism. _____ are more likely to have it

1 in 36 boys

When can you start giving table food? When should you begin baby food?

1 year 6 months

Which nursing interventions are important when caring for a hospitalized toddler? Select all that apply. A - Provide thorough explanation to toddler prior to a procedure. B - Instruct parent that regression commonly occurs. C - Encourage use of a security object from home. D - Allow client autonomy by offering select choices. E - Maintain the toddler's routine when able. F - Discourage parents' participation in client care.

BCDE

What interventions would you take for a failure to thrive child? If this helps them gain weight - what do you do? If they do not gain weight - what do you do?

Feed every 3 hours with 24 cal formula, no juice or water -must give at least the min amount of volume set -If they gain weight do not assume neglect, educate parents -if they do not gain weight, look for a medical cause

Airborne isolation precautions are done for what diseases?

Measles, TB, Varicella, COVID-19/Sar CoV2 (dependent on facility)

Child reactions to hospitalization: Toddler- Preschool- Adolescent-

Toddler-regress Preschool-feels punished Adolescent-withdrawn.

What body type would you worry about failure to thrive? What body type would you not?

Worry: 5th% and below with normal height not worry: shorter height, skinny body

__________ is important in developing trust in infants who have failure to thrive

a consistent nurse

A nurse is assessing an 8-month-old infant during a wellness checkup. Which action is a normal developmental task for an infant this age? a. sitting without support b. saying two words c. eating with a spoon d. playing patty-cake

a.

What does "food sensitivity" include AKA? EX:

all adverse reactions to food or food additives AKA: hypersensitivity, allergy, and intolerance ex: cow's milk allergy, lactose intolerance

Define atopy

allergy with a hereditary tendency

A 10-month-old child with recurrent otitis media is brought to the clinic for evaluation. What is most important for the nurse to ask the family about the baby's symptoms? a. "Does water ever get into the baby's ears during shampooing?" b. "Do you give the baby a bottle to take to bed?" c. "Have you noticed a lot of wax in the baby's ears?" d. "Can the baby combine two words when speaking?"

b

The nurse assesses an 8-month-old child's language development. Which finding would the nurse consider to be typical language development? a. saying "dada" to father and "mama" to mother b. saying three other words besides "mama" and "dada." c. saying "dada" and "mama" nonspecifically. d. saying mama" and "dada" while pointing to the parent

c

A child who is of preschool age is diagnosed as having severe autism. The most effective therapy involves which intervention? a. antipsychotic medications b. group psychotherapy c. one-on-one play therapy d. social skills group

c.

What is the sensorimotor stage of development?

children gain knowledge through their senses and motor movement

The nurse assesses infant development at a well-child clinic. Which infant most needs a developmental referral for a gross motor delay? a. 2-month-old who does not roll over b. 4-month-old who does not sit without support c. 6-month-old who does not crawl d. 9-month-old who does not stand holding on

d.

What is Kwashiorkor?

deficient protein, but adequate calories -pot belly

How to make these age groups feel better when having to do a procedure Toddler-. Preschool and School age-

demonstrate on doll/stuffed animal before assessing allow to handle equipment appropriately

Most common allergies in infants and chidren:

eggs, cow's milk, and peanuts

Interventiins for increased incidence of plagiocephaly

flat head; tummy time when awake with monitoring

What is marasmus

malnutrition of both calories and protein -very skinny

How do you soothe a crying infant?

meet their needs: swaddling, swinging, sucking, suprose

What is a good source for family support?

someone going through a similar situation, child care specialist

Most common allergies of children and adults

soy, wheat, corn, tree nuts, shellfish, fish allergies

Define apnea of infancy Causes of this?

unexplained resp pause lasting 20 sec or more OR less than 20 seconds accompanies by pallor, cyanosis, bradycardia, or hypotension (term infant) -many possible causes to be explored

What is ALTE and BRUE -does this accompany apnea? -What are inventions? -What should you educate the family

-apparent life threatening event -brief resolved unexplained event -may be with or without accompanying apnea -monitor infant inpatient setting: 24-48 hours, cardiac resp monitor -teach family CPR

What are practicies that may reduce the risk of SIDS

-avoid smoking while pregnant or being near smoke -breastfeeding -supine sleep -avoid soft, moldable mattresses, blankets, or pillows -avoid bed sharing -sleep swaddler -avoid overheating during sleep -vary infant head position to prevent plagiocephaly

What are the risk factors for SIDS?

-low birth weight -low APGAR scores -recent viral illness -two or more siblings SIDS victims -males -native american or african american

What infants are at risk for developing SIDS

-those w one more severe ALTES requiring CPR or vigorous stimulation -preterm infants experiencing apnea at time of discharge from hospital -two or more siblings that were SIDS victims -history of central hypoventilation