Chapter 11

What sediment was deposited in eastern North America after the Devonian Acadian Orogeny in the Appalachian region? a. evaporites b. reefs c. shales d. red beds e. coal

???d. red beds

The Catskill clastic wedge is a result of erosion from uplifted highlands formed as a result of the a. Acadian Orogeny. c. Allegheny Orogeny. b. Taconic Orogeny. d. Caledonian Orogeny

A. Acadian Orogeny

During the passage from ___________ to ____________ time, highland source areas that provided the Chattanooga Shale were reduced and the quantity of muddy sediment decreased. Carbonates then became the most abundant and widespread kind of sediment in the epicontinental seas of the platform. a. Devonian / Mississippian b. Devonian / Mesozoic c. Mississippian / Permian d. Pennsylvanian / Permian

A. Devonian / Mississippian

The Alleghenian and Ouachita orogenies were events in the final assembly of the supercontinent called a. Pangea. c. Gondwanaland. b. Laurentia. d. Laurasia.

A. Pangea

The Catskill Delta is the result of the _________ Orogeny

Acadian

The orogenic belt that bordered the interior platform of North America on the east from Newfoundland to Georgia, with its southwestward extension called the Ouachita orogenic belt is called the __________ ________ ____

Appalachian orogenic belt

The displaced continental fragment that collided with the Appalachians by Late Devonian and resulted in the Acadian Orogeny was called ______ _______

Avalon Terrane

The Fountain Formation and the famous "flatirons" were formed from clastic sediments derived from the erosion and weathering of the a. Ouachita Mountains. b. Colorado Mountains. c. Allegheny Mountains d. Sierra Nevada Mountains.

B. Colorado Mountains

The first inland sea of Late Paleozoic is called a. Absaroka Sea. c. Iapetus. b. Kaskaskia Sea. d. Rodinia.

B. Kaskaskia Sea

Upper Paleozoic-Triassic cratonic sequences are called a. Kaskaskia and Acardian. b. Kaskaskia and Absaroka. c. Catskill and Acadian. d. Caskill and Absaroka

B. Kaskaskia and Absaroka

Minerals which are resistant to weathering and erosion (like quartz), but which have a high density are called a. clastic sediments. c. chemical sediments. b. heavy minerals. d. ore minerals

B. heavy minerals

The separation between the Kaskaskia and Absaroka cratonic sequences in North America is based on the presence of a. widespread cyclothem deposition. b. regional unconformities. c. changes in the fossil assemblage. d. absolute ages determined by radiometric techniques.

B. regional unconformities

During Devonian, subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath the western margin of the continent was initiated resulting in the beginning of a disturbance known as a. Cassiar Orogeny. c. Antler Orogeny. b. Sonoma Orogeny. d. Allegheny Orogeny

C. Antler Orogeny

Gondwana experienced glacial conditions during a. Silurian. c. Carboniferous. b. Devonian. d. Permian.

C. Carboniferous

What group of particularly coarse sediments, including conglomerates, were deposited and form some of the resistant ridges of the Appalachian Mountains in Pennsylvania? a. Sonoma Group c. Pocono Group b. Dunkard Group d. Monongahela Group

C. Pocono Group

The rock unit called Chattanooga is composed of a. Upper Pennsylvanian conglomerates and sandstones. b. Upper Permian red beds. c. Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian black shales. d. Mississippian fossiliferous limestones and chert.

C. Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian black shales

A dark gray concretionary variety of calcium phosphate used in the manufacture of fertilizers and other chemical products is a. phosphatic shales. c. phosphorite. b. phosphates. d. phosphorus

C. phosphorite

The Ouachita, Allegheny, and Hercynian orogenies represent the a. mountain-building events in the Cordillera. b. rifting event that formed the Iapetus ocean. c. suturing of Laurasia and Gondwanaland. d. deposition of the Catskill Clastic Wedge

C. suturing of Laurasia and Gondwanaland

The Permian-Triassic disturbance of the Cordilleran region of British Columbia has been called the _______ _______

Cassiar Orogeny

Upper Devonian shale found along the eastern margin of North America that is widespread, easily recognizable, and serves as a stratigraphic marker is called ____________ _____

Chattanooga Shale

An additional collision occurred during Late Carboniferous when northwest Africa moved against the southern part of the Appalachian region. This encounter was called a. Taconic Orogeny. c. Avalon Terrane. b. Acadian Orogeny. d. Allegheny Orogeny

D. Allegheny Orogeny

Permian-Triassic disturbances of the Cordilleran region have been named the in British Columbia and the in the southwestern United States. a. the ancient British rock group b. the Permian-Triassic Orogeny c. Mississippian Orogeny, American Orogeny d. Cassiar Orogeny, Sonoma Orogeny

D. Cassiar Orogeny, Sonoma Orogeny

The orogeny in southern Europe that is a contemporary of the Allegheny Orogeny in North America during Late Paleozoic is called a. Grenville. c. Ellsmere. b. Sonoma. d. Hercynian

D. Hercynian

The reason that the Chattanooga Shale has a high content of carbon (and uranium) is because it was deposited a. along a passive plate boundary. b. along an active plate boundary. c. in an oxygen-rich environment. d. in an oxygen-deficient environment

D. in an oxygen-deficient environment

The Uncompahgre Mountains, also called the ancestral Rockies, were the result of a. the collision recorded by the Ouachita Orogeny. b. the mountain-building event of the Sonoma Orogeny. c. domal uplift due to the basin subsidence to the south and east during the Pennsylvanian. d. uplift of crustal blocks along extensive vertical reverse faults

D. uplift of crustal blocks along extensive vertical reverse faults

T/F Late Devonian and Mississippian Acadian Orogeny included episodes of mountain building involving folding and thrusting along a belt across Nevada to southwestern Alberta

F

T/F The Catskill Group consists of predominantly marine sandstones and shales

F

T/F The Oriskany Sandstone of New York is an example of the sediment deposited during the regression of the Kaskaskia Sea

F

T/F The Ouachita deformation during Mississippian and Pennsylvanian was the result of oceanic to continental plate collision

F

The Late Paleozoic orogeny that forms a great range of mountains across central Europe is called ________ ______

Hercynian Orogeny

The Caledonian and Acadian orogenies brought North America and Europe together as a combined land mass named ________

Laurussia

A term applied originally to rocks suitable for whetstones in America that is applied to very tough, uniformly grained cherts composed of microcrystalline quartz is _________

Novacillite

The vast region of alluvial deposition found both in North America and Western Europe whose most famous formation is the Old Red Sandstone is called the ___ ____ ________

Old Red Continent

Late Paleozoic was when most of the separate land masses of earlier periods were assembled into the great supercontinent called ________

Pangea

The basin that lay adjacent to the ancient Uncompahgre Mountains by Middle Pennsylvanian and became restricted by thick beds of salt, gypsum, and anhydrite is called ________ ______

Paradox Basin

The final orogeny to affect the Cordilleran region during Paleozoic was the ________ ______

Sonoma Orogeny

T/F In North America, Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks area divided into the Kaskaskia and Absaroka cratonic sequences. They both reflect the marine and non-marine sedimentation of that time interval

T

T/F Permian rocks of west Texas and New Mexico are commonly associated with reef and evaporite deposits

T

T/F The Catskill Delta of the late Devonian of the eastern margin of North America was characteristic of conglomerates and sandstones; however, further to the west a widespread sheet of muds produced the Chattanooga Shale

T

T/F The development of the Catskill clastic wedge was a result of erosion of highlands formed during the Acadian Orogeny

T

T/F The erosion of the Kaskaskia resulted in one of the most widespread regional unconformities in the world and therefore provides a basis for separating Carboniferous rocks into what we call Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks in North America

T

T/F Tillite and glacial striations over large areas of Gondwanaland (South America, Africa, Australia) indicate continental glaciation during Late Carboniferous and Permian

T

What orogeny occurred during Devonian as a result of North America (Laurentia) and Europe (Baltica) colliding to form Laurasia? a. Taconic b. Acadian c. Alleghanian d. Appalachian e. Antler

b. Acadian

During Late Paleozoic, the South Pole was situated over what present-day continent, continent? a. Antarctica b. Africa c. North America d. Australia e. South America

b. Africa

What is the name of the Late Paleozoic orogeny that occurred in the western U.S.? a. Taconic b. Antler c. Alleghanian d. Caledonian e. Acadian

b. Antler

The erosion of the Uncompahgre Mountains produced great wedge-shaped deposits of Pennsylvanian and Permian red arkosic sandstone (including the Fountain Formation), some of which is now exposed at the Garden of the Gods, Red Rocks Amphitheater, and the "flatirons." In which state are these three places located? a. New Mexico b. Colorado c. Utah d. North Dakota e. Arizona

b. Colorado

A typical Pennsylvanian cyclothem contains ten units marking the transgressions and regressions of inland seas. The lower half of the cyclothem consists of nonmarine sediments, which is overlain by what type of deposit? a. nonmarine shales b. marine shales and limestones c. nonmarine sandstones d. marine limestones and cherts e. nonmarine conglomerates

b. marine shales and limestones

What orogeny occurred as a result of Gondwana colliding with Laurasia (North America and Europe) during Late Carboniferous? a. Taconic b. Acadian c. Alleghanian d. Caledonian e. Antler

c. Alleghanian

What two orogenies during Late Paleozoic brought North America and Europe together as a combined land mass called Laurussia? a. Hercynian and Allegheny b. Cassair and Sonoma c. Caledonian and Acadian d. Grenville and Trans-Hudson

c. Caledonian and Acadian

What characterizes Mississippian sedimentary deposits of the interior of North America? a. clay-rich glacial deposits b. clean, well-rounded sandstones c. limestones with many criniods d. continental red beds e. shales, sandstone, and coal beds

c. limestones with many crinoids

What unusual Permian sedimentary deposit formed in a relatively deep marine basin in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho? a. uranium-rich shales b. cherty limestones c. phosphatic sediments d. sodium and potassium salts e. copper, zinc, and lead

c. phosphatic sediments

The cyclic deposits, which are found in Pennsylvanian rocks of the Absaroka sequence and are used as a stratigraphic marker are called __________

cyclothemes

What are the two major North American cratonic sequences that formed as a result of transgressions during Late Paleozoic? a. Sauk and Kaskaskia b. Sauk and Tippecanoe c. Kaskaskia and Tippecanoe d. Kaskaskia and Absaroka e. Sauk and Absaroka

d. Kaskaskia and Absaroka

The supercontinent that assembled during Late Paleozoic was called: a. Rodinia. b. Gondwana. c. Laurentia. d. Pangea. e. Siberia

d. Pangea

What does the presence of tillites and striations on bedrock suggest occurred near the south pole during Permian? a. sea level rises and falls b. tectonic orogeny c. downwarping of the Earth's crust d. glacial ice movement and melting e. first appearance of reptiles

d. glacial ice movement and melting

The Chattanooga Shale is a thin, but extraordinarily widespread, black or dark gray shale, which lacks fossils of bottom-dwelling invertebrates, and which contains uranium, finely disseminated pyrite and organic matter. These characteristics indicate that it accumulated in what type of depositional environment? a. back-reef b. clastic wedge c. high-energy nearshore d. oxygen-deficient ocean e. oxygen-deficient coal swamp

d. oxygen-deficient ocean

The Delaware basin and other basins in West Texas and New Mexico had reefs around the edge, and were associated with evaporite deposits. What age are the deposits of these Late Paleozoic basins, which are now exposed in the Guadalupe Mountains? a. Devonian b. Mississippian c. Pennsylvanian d. Carboniferous (both Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) e. Permian

e. Permian

What characterizes Pennsylvanian sedimentary deposits of eastern North America? a. clay-rich glacial deposits b. clean, well-rounded sandstones c. limestones with many criniods d. continental red beds e. shales, sandstone, and coal beds

e. shales, sandstone, and coal beds

Today carbon dioxide keeps our planet warm by trapping heat radiated from the Earth's surface; this phenomenon is called the ___________ ______

greenhouse effect

The kind of deformation in which basement rocks are largely unaffected and the overlying "skin" of weaker sedimentary rocks breaks into multiple thrust faults is known as _____-_______ _______

thin-skinned tectonics