Chapter 11. Managing Individual Differences & Behavior Supervising People as People
Place the steps in the perceptual process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.
1) Selective attention 2) Interpretation and evaluation 3) Storing in memory 4) Retrieving from memory to make judgements and decisions
What legislation prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual's disabilities?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Which of the following demonstrates racial/ethnic stereotyping?
Connor decided to hire Tiffany for the job instead if Israel because he felt Hispanics were lazy
Which of the following is an example of an organizational demand that creates job-related stress?
Josh comes home from work each night complaining about the lack of lighting and ventilation in the plant
True or False: Organizational citizenship behaviors are those behaviors not directly part of the employees' job descriptions that exceed their work-role requirements.
True
True or false: Employee assistance programs are aimed at helping employees cope with a variety of problems that negatively influence job performance.
True
When people tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure, it is called _________.
a self-serving bias
Depicting older workers as less involved in their work, less motivated, and having higher absenteeism than their younger counterparts in the workplace is a stereotype based on _________.
age
Which of the following are included in the internal dimensions of diversity?
age ethnicity race
Select all of the statements that are true about alcoholism
alcoholism is chronic alcoholism becomes progressively worse alcoholism is potentially fatal
Which of the following is the BEST description of a proactive personality?
an individual who takes initiative and perseveres to influence the environment
The activity of inferring causes for observed behavior is known as causal ___________.
attribution
Self-________ is the ability to read your own emotions and accurately assess your moods so that you know how you are affecting others.
awareness
Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called __________.
buffers
Which of the following are trends in the United States that show that American businesses need to do better with members of racial and ethnic populations?
chances of success are reduced by perceived discrimination minorities tend to earn less than whites many people of color have hit the glass ceiling
The extent to which an employee identifies an organization and is committed to its goals is known as organizational __________.
commitment
Martha is experiencing considerable stress because her job requires her to work on the weekend, but her husband complains that she doesn't spend enough time with him and the children. This is an example of role _____________.
conflict
Rob's employee has been coming back from lunch drunk and performed poorly as a result. This employee is displaying a ________ work behavior.
counterproductive
The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _________.
emotional intelligence
Irene has always been known to exhibit "grace under pressure''. Even when she's under a tight deadline, she appears to be relaxed, confident and in control. Which Big Five personality dimension does this BEST describe?
emotional stability
The extent to which a person is relatively secure and unworried and how likely she or he is to experience negative emotions under pressure is known as _________.
emotional stability
Jenna loves her job. She is known as the "cheerleader" of the department because she is enthusiastic about every project and highly focused. Jenna displays employee ________
engagement
Which of the following is NOT a layer on the diversity wheel?
environmental dimension
Self-_______ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves.
esteem
Jared is from the United States, but is working in Mexico. He believes that his culture, language, and behavior are superior to those of his Mexican employees. This illustrates which one of the following concepts.
ethnocentrism
Mark failed his last test and blamed it on the fact that the test was poorly written and the room was too noisy for him to concentrate, not because he didn't study for the test. Mark would be said to have a(n) ______ locus of control.
external
Danielle is considered to be the "life of the party". She's outgoing and gregarious, and is a real "people person". Which of the following Big Five personality dimensions would BEST describe these characteristics?
extroversion
Which Big Five personality dimensions is positively correlated with outgoingness and sociability.
extroversion
The "invisible barrier" that prevents minorities and women from being promoted to top executive jobs is metaphorically referred to as the ______ _______.
glass ceiling
The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment is referred to as learned __________.
helplessness
Programs the encourage employees to strive for a harmonious and productive balance of physical, mental, and social well-being brought about the acceptance of one's personal responsibility for developing and adhering to a health promotion program are commonly referred to as ________ programs.
holistic wellness
Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern?
hurried competitive deadline-focused
Managers can reduce turnover in organizations through which of the following ways?
incorporating realistic job previews providing post-hiring support through onboarding programs basing hiring decision on the extent to which the applicants' values match those of the organization
Jolene doesn't believe that "luck happens". She firmly believes that you make your own luck in life by what you do and how you do it. Jolene has a(n) ________ locus of control.
internal
Trevor knows it is up to him to make the new business plan work. Even if the board of directors steps in to guide the resources, it is still Trevor's job to carry out the plan. Which aspect of a core self-evaluation does Trevor demonstrate?
locus of control
Researchers believe that workplace stress generally affects job performance in which of the following ways?
low levels of stress lead to low performance high levels of stress lead to low performance moderate levels of stress lead to optimal performance
Which of the following are considered external dimensions of diversity?
marital status religion parental status educational background
Distress
negative stress that can result in anxiety and illness
Which actions should managers take when employees exhibit low self-efficacy?
nurture self-efficacy by giving constructive pointers positive feedback and reward small successes
In the fundamental attribution bias, people attribute another person's behavior to __________.
personal characteristics
The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identify are known as ________.
personality
An employee who experiences headaches, backaches and nausea as a result of workplace stress is displaying _______ signs of stress.
physiological
During the tax season, accountant Gregory is under considerable stress to complete all of his clients' tax returns. He finds that he is suffering from repeated headaches. This is an example of a ___________sign of stress.
physiological
Eustress
positive stress that can stimulate a person to better coping and adaption
A ______ is a socially determined expectation of how an individual should behave in a specific position; ie. a set of behaviors that people expect of occupants of a position.
role
The "can do" aspect of our personality can best be described as _______.
self-efficacy
The "can do" aspect of our personality can best be described as _________.
self-efficacy
The __________ - ___________ prophecy occurs when people's expectations of themselves lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.
self-fulfilling
An aspect of emotional intelligence that involves the ability to control one's emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is called _________.
self-management
Connie believes that women are not as effective leaders as men. This is an example of a(n) _______ stereotype.
sex-role
Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout?
showing indifference to performance missed deadlines taking longer lunch breaks
Hassles
simple irritants, like misplacing things
Strong stressors
situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt
Louisa seems to have a strong ability to accurately pick up on the emotions of others in the workplace, understand what is going on, and display a keen sense of empathy. Which element of emotional intelligence does this describe?
social awareness
Role conflict
source of stress that occurs when one feels torn by the different expectations of important people in one's life
Role ambiguity
source of stress that occurs when others' expectations are unknown or unclear
Role overload
source of stress that occurs when others' expectations exceed one's ability
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics you believe are typical of the group to which that individual is known as ____________.
stereotyping
Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) ___________.
stressor
The key correlations of job satisfaction are which of the following?
stronger motivation job involvement increased life satisfaction
Crisis
sudden occasions of overwhelming terror
According to Peter Drucker, which of the following accurately describes the current age-related trend in the US workforce?
the United States is the only developed economy to have enough young people available for the workforce
Relationship management
the ability to communicate clearly, disarm conflicts and build strong personal bonds
Self-management
the ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity
Self-awareness
the ability to read your own emotions and gauge your moods accurately
Social awareness
the ability to show others that you care and your understanding of how your emotions and actions affect others
Self-efficacy
the belief in one's personal ability to accomplish a task
Self-esteem
the degree to which an individual likes or dislikes him/herself
Conscientiousness
the extent to which a person is dependable, reliable and responsible
Openness to experience
the extent to which a person is imaginative, curious and broad-minded
Extroversion
the extent to which a person is outgoing, sociable and assertive
Emotional stability
the extent to which a person is relaxed, secure and unworried the extent to which people are secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure
Agreeableness
the extent to which a person is trusting, cooperative, and good-natured
Locus of control
the extent to which people believe they control their fate through their own efforts
Forming a positive impression of an individual based on a single trait is called __________.
the halo effect
Kayla has made her sales quota every month during the past year except for last month. When her boss conducts her performance appraisal, he focuses this factor rather than looking at her sales performance during the previous 11 months. This is an example of __________.
the recency effect
True or false: Relationship management refers to the ability to communicate clearly and convincingly, disarm conflicts, and build strong personal bonds.
true
During the monthly meeting, Ethan discussed the two positions that were open in his department since Marcus and Amy had both quit last week. Ethan is discussing the __________ in this department.
turnover
Emily graduated with a degree in chemistry from college last year but hasn't been able to find a job in her academic field. She is currently working at a retail store so she can pay her bills. Emily is over-qualified for this job, which makes her an example of someone who is ____________.
underemployed
Which of the following would be characterized as organizational dimensions of diversity?
work location management status union affiliation