Chapter 11. Managing Individual Differences & Behavior Supervising People as People

Place the steps in the perceptual process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.

1) Selective attention 2) Interpretation and evaluation 3) Storing in memory 4) Retrieving from memory to make judgements and decisions

What legislation prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual's disabilities?

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Which of the following demonstrates racial/ethnic stereotyping?

Connor decided to hire Tiffany for the job instead if Israel because he felt Hispanics were lazy

Which of the following is an example of an organizational demand that creates job-related stress?

Josh comes home from work each night complaining about the lack of lighting and ventilation in the plant

True or False: Organizational citizenship behaviors are those behaviors not directly part of the employees' job descriptions that exceed their work-role requirements.

True

True or false: Employee assistance programs are aimed at helping employees cope with a variety of problems that negatively influence job performance.

True

When people tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure, it is called _________.

a self-serving bias

Depicting older workers as less involved in their work, less motivated, and having higher absenteeism than their younger counterparts in the workplace is a stereotype based on _________.

age

Which of the following are included in the internal dimensions of diversity?

age ethnicity race

Select all of the statements that are true about alcoholism

alcoholism is chronic alcoholism becomes progressively worse alcoholism is potentially fatal

Which of the following is the BEST description of a proactive personality?

an individual who takes initiative and perseveres to influence the environment

The activity of inferring causes for observed behavior is known as causal ___________.

attribution

Self-________ is the ability to read your own emotions and accurately assess your moods so that you know how you are affecting others.

awareness

Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called __________.

buffers

Which of the following are trends in the United States that show that American businesses need to do better with members of racial and ethnic populations?

chances of success are reduced by perceived discrimination minorities tend to earn less than whites many people of color have hit the glass ceiling

The extent to which an employee identifies an organization and is committed to its goals is known as organizational __________.

commitment

Martha is experiencing considerable stress because her job requires her to work on the weekend, but her husband complains that she doesn't spend enough time with him and the children. This is an example of role _____________.

conflict

Rob's employee has been coming back from lunch drunk and performed poorly as a result. This employee is displaying a ________ work behavior.

counterproductive

The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _________.

emotional intelligence

Irene has always been known to exhibit "grace under pressure''. Even when she's under a tight deadline, she appears to be relaxed, confident and in control. Which Big Five personality dimension does this BEST describe?

emotional stability

The extent to which a person is relatively secure and unworried and how likely she or he is to experience negative emotions under pressure is known as _________.

emotional stability

Jenna loves her job. She is known as the "cheerleader" of the department because she is enthusiastic about every project and highly focused. Jenna displays employee ________

engagement

Which of the following is NOT a layer on the diversity wheel?

environmental dimension

Self-_______ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves.

esteem

Jared is from the United States, but is working in Mexico. He believes that his culture, language, and behavior are superior to those of his Mexican employees. This illustrates which one of the following concepts.

ethnocentrism

Mark failed his last test and blamed it on the fact that the test was poorly written and the room was too noisy for him to concentrate, not because he didn't study for the test. Mark would be said to have a(n) ______ locus of control.

external

Danielle is considered to be the "life of the party". She's outgoing and gregarious, and is a real "people person". Which of the following Big Five personality dimensions would BEST describe these characteristics?

extroversion

Which Big Five personality dimensions is positively correlated with outgoingness and sociability.

extroversion

The "invisible barrier" that prevents minorities and women from being promoted to top executive jobs is metaphorically referred to as the ______ _______.

glass ceiling

The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment is referred to as learned __________.

helplessness

Programs the encourage employees to strive for a harmonious and productive balance of physical, mental, and social well-being brought about the acceptance of one's personal responsibility for developing and adhering to a health promotion program are commonly referred to as ________ programs.

holistic wellness

Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern?

hurried competitive deadline-focused

Managers can reduce turnover in organizations through which of the following ways?

incorporating realistic job previews providing post-hiring support through onboarding programs basing hiring decision on the extent to which the applicants' values match those of the organization

Jolene doesn't believe that "luck happens". She firmly believes that you make your own luck in life by what you do and how you do it. Jolene has a(n) ________ locus of control.

internal

Trevor knows it is up to him to make the new business plan work. Even if the board of directors steps in to guide the resources, it is still Trevor's job to carry out the plan. Which aspect of a core self-evaluation does Trevor demonstrate?

locus of control

Researchers believe that workplace stress generally affects job performance in which of the following ways?

low levels of stress lead to low performance high levels of stress lead to low performance moderate levels of stress lead to optimal performance

Which of the following are considered external dimensions of diversity?

marital status religion parental status educational background

Distress

negative stress that can result in anxiety and illness

Which actions should managers take when employees exhibit low self-efficacy?

nurture self-efficacy by giving constructive pointers positive feedback and reward small successes

In the fundamental attribution bias, people attribute another person's behavior to __________.

personal characteristics

The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identify are known as ________.

personality

An employee who experiences headaches, backaches and nausea as a result of workplace stress is displaying _______ signs of stress.

physiological

During the tax season, accountant Gregory is under considerable stress to complete all of his clients' tax returns. He finds that he is suffering from repeated headaches. This is an example of a ___________sign of stress.

physiological

Eustress

positive stress that can stimulate a person to better coping and adaption

A ______ is a socially determined expectation of how an individual should behave in a specific position; ie. a set of behaviors that people expect of occupants of a position.

role

The "can do" aspect of our personality can best be described as _______.

self-efficacy

The "can do" aspect of our personality can best be described as _________.

self-efficacy

The __________ - ___________ prophecy occurs when people's expectations of themselves lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.

self-fulfilling

An aspect of emotional intelligence that involves the ability to control one's emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is called _________.

self-management

Connie believes that women are not as effective leaders as men. This is an example of a(n) _______ stereotype.

sex-role

Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout?

showing indifference to performance missed deadlines taking longer lunch breaks

Hassles

simple irritants, like misplacing things

Strong stressors

situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt

Louisa seems to have a strong ability to accurately pick up on the emotions of others in the workplace, understand what is going on, and display a keen sense of empathy. Which element of emotional intelligence does this describe?

social awareness

Role conflict

source of stress that occurs when one feels torn by the different expectations of important people in one's life

Role ambiguity

source of stress that occurs when others' expectations are unknown or unclear

Role overload

source of stress that occurs when others' expectations exceed one's ability

The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics you believe are typical of the group to which that individual is known as ____________.

stereotyping

Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) ___________.

stressor

The key correlations of job satisfaction are which of the following?

stronger motivation job involvement increased life satisfaction

Crisis

sudden occasions of overwhelming terror

According to Peter Drucker, which of the following accurately describes the current age-related trend in the US workforce?

the United States is the only developed economy to have enough young people available for the workforce

Relationship management

the ability to communicate clearly, disarm conflicts and build strong personal bonds

Self-management

the ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity

Self-awareness

the ability to read your own emotions and gauge your moods accurately

Social awareness

the ability to show others that you care and your understanding of how your emotions and actions affect others

Self-efficacy

the belief in one's personal ability to accomplish a task

Self-esteem

the degree to which an individual likes or dislikes him/herself

Conscientiousness

the extent to which a person is dependable, reliable and responsible

Openness to experience

the extent to which a person is imaginative, curious and broad-minded

Extroversion

the extent to which a person is outgoing, sociable and assertive

Emotional stability

the extent to which a person is relaxed, secure and unworried the extent to which people are secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure

Agreeableness

the extent to which a person is trusting, cooperative, and good-natured

Locus of control

the extent to which people believe they control their fate through their own efforts

Forming a positive impression of an individual based on a single trait is called __________.

the halo effect

Kayla has made her sales quota every month during the past year except for last month. When her boss conducts her performance appraisal, he focuses this factor rather than looking at her sales performance during the previous 11 months. This is an example of __________.

the recency effect

True or false: Relationship management refers to the ability to communicate clearly and convincingly, disarm conflicts, and build strong personal bonds.

true

During the monthly meeting, Ethan discussed the two positions that were open in his department since Marcus and Amy had both quit last week. Ethan is discussing the __________ in this department.

turnover

Emily graduated with a degree in chemistry from college last year but hasn't been able to find a job in her academic field. She is currently working at a retail store so she can pay her bills. Emily is over-qualified for this job, which makes her an example of someone who is ____________.

underemployed

Which of the following would be characterized as organizational dimensions of diversity?

work location management status union affiliation