Chapter 11 Nutrition

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin E?

Deficiencies occur from inability to absorb dietary lipids

Which of the following is associated with the condition known as xerosis?

Deficiency of vitamin A

Which of the following is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet

Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin

E

Which of the following is a naturally occurring food source of vitamin D?

Egg yolks

What is the role of vitamin E in the metabolism of free radicals?

Eliminator

Which of the following disorders may result from vitamin E deficiency in people?

Erythrocyte hemolysis

Which of the following conditions is known to lead to formation of mineral deposits in the blood vessels and kidney?

Excessive intake of vitamin D

Which of the following can the body use to synthesize vitamin D?

Exposure to sunlight

Which of the following is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet?

Fortified milk

What type of foods should be controlled in individuals taking anticoagulant medicines?

Green leafy vegetables

Which of the following conditions may improve with vitamin E therapy?

Intermittent claudication

If the diet contains precursor vitamin A, which of the following tissues can use it to form vitamin A?

Intestinal cells

Which of the following describes the primary function of vitamin A in bone health?

It assists enzymes that degrade certain regions of the bone thereby allowing remodeling to occur

Why shouldn't a 7-month pregnant woman be prescribed Accutane?

It is a teratogen and can be harmful to the baby

Which of the following is a feature of Accutane?

It is known to cause birth defects when used by pregnant women

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?

It participates in synthesis of bone proteins

Which of the following is a feature of osteocalcin?

It requires vitamin K to bind to bone-forming minerals

How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease?

It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

K

Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process?

Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal

Knowing the role of vitamin K in the body, in what organ would you expect to find it in large quantities?

Liver

In what tissue(s) must a molecule of vitamin D be chemically altered to yield a compound that is fully active?

Liver and kidney

Which of the following may result from excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults?

Mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney

What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?

Newborns

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?

Night blindness

What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?

Osteomalacia

Which of the following conditions or diseases are known to be caused by a deficiency of the same nutrient?

Osteomalacia and rickets

Which of the following enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status?

Outdoor exposure of the skin to sunlight

What is/are the main function(s) of vitamin D?

Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone

Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis?

Prothrombin

Which of the following foods is a very good source of vitamin A?

Pumpkin pie

Which of the following is the name of the vitamin A compound that is active in the visual response?

Retinal

Which of the following is responsible for transporting vitamin A from the liver to other tissues?

Retinol-binding protein

In what system would the effects of a vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed?

Skeletal

Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?

Skin yellowing

Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process?

?

What is prothrombin?

A protein needed for blood clot formation

What population group is at highest risk for osteomalacia?

Adult women

What form of tocopherol shows vitamin E activity in the human body?

Alpha

Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D?

Cholesterol

What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation?

Chylomicrons

Which of the following is likely to induce vitamin A toxicity in adults?

Consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements

What part of the body is affected most by keratomalacia?

Cornea

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

Cyanocobalamin

A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin

D

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?

Bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K

Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?

Beta-carotene

ich of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?

Beta-carotene

What are the known effects of raising animals on diets containing retinoic acid as the only source of vitamin A?

Blindness develops

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

Blood Clotting

As far as is known, vitamin A does not play an important role in which of the following processes?

Blood clotting

Which of the following properties do vitamins D and K share?

Both are synthesized in the body

Which of the following features do vitamins C and E share?

Both function as antioxidants

Which of the following symptoms would indicate a vitamin D deficiency?

Bowed legs

Keratinization is the result of

deficiency of vitamin A.

The plant version of vitamin D is known as

ergocalciferol.

The major target organs for the action of activated vitamin D include all of the following except the

liver.

The effects of vitamin A deficiency are most severe in what population group?

newborns

The first detectable sign of vitamin A deficiency is usually

night blindness.

The major form of vitamin K in foods is known as

phylloquinone.

The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of

polyunsaturated fatty acids

All of the following are forms of vitamin A except

retinoquinone.

Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings?

The vitamin is widespread in foods

Which of the following is characteristic of the tocopherols?

They are usually found in foods high in polyunsaturated fats

Which of the following features are shared by Retin-A and Accutane?

They have chemical structures similar to vitamin A

Why does vitamin A status depend on the person's protein status?

Transport of the vitamin within the body requires sufficient protein to synthesize retinol-binding protein

Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?

Vegetable oils

Which of the following compounds is known to function as a hormone?

Vitamin D

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)

antioxidant.

A person seeking good sources of vitamin A would select all of the following except

bananas

All of the following are other names for vitamin D except

calcitonin

The animal version of vitamin D is known as

cholecalciferol.

Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency?

Antibiotic therapy

Which of the following provides the least amount of precursor vitamin A?

corn

Among the following, which contains the highest concentration of vitamin E?

corn oil

Which of the following is not among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins?

transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue