Chapter 11: Personality

4. ________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. a. heritability b. personality c. temperament d. trait

a. heritability

6. Who developed social-cognitive theory? a. Abraham Maslow b. Albert Bandura c. Carl Rogers d. Erik Erikson

b. Albert Bandura

13. A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society. a. Freudian b. inferiority c. neurotic d. psychosocial

b. inferiority

Self-efficacy is ________. a. a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar b. our level of confidence in our own abilities c. the belief that one's environment can determine behavior d. the belief that we have power over our lives

b. our level of confidence in our own abilities

10. Who proposed the locus of control concept? a. Albert Bandura b. Carl Jung c. Julian Rotter d. Walter Mischel

c. Julian Rotter

19. According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. a. anal b. genital c. oral d. phallic

c. oral

12. Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt. a. id b. ideal self c. persona d. superego

c. persona

25. Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person. a. choleric b. melancholic c. phlegmatic d. sanguine

c. phlegmatic

3. Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance? a. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud b. Carl Rogers and Karen Horney c. Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow d. Hans and Sybil Eysenck

d. Hans and Sybil Eysenck

30. What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions? a. autonomy vs. shame/doubt b. generativity vs. stagnation c. identity vs. confusion d. integrity vs. despair

d. integrity vs. despair

32. In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life. a. affirming the sexual identity b. resolving the Electra complex c. seeking positive attention d. the self-realization process

d. the self-realization process

15. In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament? a. black bile from the kidneys b. red blood from the heart c. white mucous from the lungs d. yellow bile from the liver

d. yellow bile from the liver

8. Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns. a. B. F. Skinner b. Hans and Sybil Eysenck c. Ivan Pavlov d. Sigmund Freud

a. B.F. Skinner

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts. a. anal b. genital c. oral d. phallic

a. anal

28. Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? a. archetype b. id c. persona d. unconscious anxiety

a. archetype

27. What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops? a. autonomy vs. shame/doubt b. industry vs. inferiority c. integrity vs. despair d. trust vs. mistrust

a. autonomy vs. shame/doubt

17. According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold. a. choleric b. melancholic c. phlegmatic d. sanguine

a. choleric

9. The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next. a. collective unconscious b. gestalt c. id d. ideal self

a. collective unconscious

5. ________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar. a. congruence b. egotism c. incongruence d. self-concept

a. congruence

16. Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? a. denial b. displacement c. rationalization d. rejection

a. denial

26. Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. a. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability b. extroversion/stability; introversion/neuroticism c. phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic d. phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine

a. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

29. What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family? a. generativity vs. stagnation b. initiative vs. guilt c. intimacy vs. isolation d. trust vs. mistrust

a. generativity vs. stagnation

2. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________. a. in which people are presented with ambiguous images b. that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards c. that is designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups d. that is similar to a word association test

a. in which people are presented with ambiguous images

34. When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using? a. moving away from people b. moving toward people c. regression d. sublimation

a. moving away from people

18. Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires. a. projective test b. psychoanalysis c. self-report inventory d. trait analysis

a. projective test

20. The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile. a. Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB) b. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) c. Rorschach Inkblot Test d. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

b. MMPI

22. The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles. a. Julian Rotter b. Rorschach c. TAT d. TEMAS

b. Rorschach

14. A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes. a. congruent; incongruent b. external; internal c. internal; external d. real; ideal

b. external, internal

35. Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. a. healthy cognitive processes b. high self-efficacy c. low self-efficacy d. moderate reciprocal determinism

b. high self-efficacy

31. When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using? a. moving against people b. moving toward people c. reaction formation d. repression

b. moving toward people

11. Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth? a. Abraham Maslow b. Carl Jung c. Karen Horney d. Sigmund Freud

c. Karen Horney

1. Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality? a. Hippocrates b. Immanuel Kant c. Sigmund Freud d. Wilhelm Wundt

c. Sigmund Freud

24. Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________. a. extrovert b. humanist c. introvert d. neo-Freudian

c. introvert

23. During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports? a. anal b. genital c. latency d. phallic

c. latency

33. When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using? a. detachment b. extroversion c. moving against people d. moving with people

c. moving against people