1940s-50s Domestic
the Interstate Highway Act of ____ allotted $____ billion into building more than _____ thousand miles of federal highways
1956, 26, 40
by _____ the majority of American workers held white-collar jobs
1957
in ____, "On the Road" was typed by ___ on a 250 foot roll of paper
1957, Jack Kerouac
Congress established the National Outdoor Recreation Review Commission in ____ (first step toward considering environmental issues)
1958
by ____, California had nearly ____ of all prime military contracts in the nation
1959, 1/4
in ____, the CIO expelled ___ unions with alleged left-wing sympathies
1959, 11
by ____, the Pacific Coast held almost ____ of all Defense Department research and development contracts
1962, half
by ____, California passed New York as the world's most populous state
1963
in ____, author _____ published "The Feminine Mystique"
1963, Betty Friedan
in the 1950s, almost ____ of the women in college left before completing a degree
2/3
GNP rose from ______ billion in 1945 to _____ billion in 1960
200, 550
between 1946 and 1960, there was a _____% rise in real purchasing power
22
with the onset of the Korean War, the defense budget rose to $___ billion in 1951 and about $____ billion in 1953, at which point ____ of the total federal budget went to the armed forces
22, 47, half
by 1952, Truman's popularity had plummeted to ___%
23
in ____ years after 1945, the average farm size almost doubled
25
Truman beat Dewey ______ in the Electoral College in the 1948 presidential election
303-189
in the last ___ years of the 1950s, Elvis Presley had ___ hits that sold more than a million copies
4, 18
between 1947 and 1957, factory workers decreased ____% , electrical workers increased ____% and the number of salaried middle-class employees rose ____%
4, 23, 61
in 1955, the average American family watched ____ hours of tv a day
4-5
the annual rate of economic growth declined from ____% between 1947-52 to ____% between 1953-60 (result of Ike's reluctance to stimulate economy too much)
4.3, 2.5
in 1946, ____ million Union workers went on strike
4.6
_____ of families owned cars in the 1950s
4/5
between 1940 and 1970, more than ___ million African Americans moved from the south to the north
5
by the end of the 1960s, about ____ million credit cards of all kinds were in use in the US
50
the income gap between white and black women holding similar jobs dropped about ___% in 1940 to about ___% in 1960
50, 30
home-ownership rose from ___% in 1945 to ____% in 1960
53, 62
in the 1952 election, Eisenhower received ___% of the popular vote and carried ___ states
55, 41
in 1920, life expectancy was ____ for whites and ___ for blacks. midway through the 1950s, it was ___ for whites and ___ for blacks.
55, 45, 70, 64
by the mid-1950s, almost ______% of all American families were part of the middle class
60
in the decade after 1957, General Electric built ____ plants abroad, and numerous other firms did the same
61
In the studies of "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male", it was said that ___% of males who went to college had sex before marriage, while ___% of those who had only went to high school had. Also, ___% of males had experienced some kind of overt homosexual activity
67, 84, 37
inflation slowed from an average of ___% per year in the 1940s to _____% per year in the 1950s
7, 2-3
In 1957, a baby was born every ____ seconds, and _____ total babies were born in the year
7, 4.3 million
in 1945, ____ thousand cars were made, while atleast ____ million were made in 1960
70, 7
at the end of WWII, there were only ___ shopping centers in the US. in 1960, there were ____
8, 3,840
in 1946, consumer credit was $_____ billion. in 1958, it was $____ billion
8.4, 45
businesses were allowed to buy almost ____% of factories built by the government during the war for much less than they cost (this stimulated economic expansion)
80
in 1947, there were about ___ thousand in the American Communist Party. in 1954, there were ___ thousand.
80, 25
after Truman took office, he had an approval rating of ____%, which dropped to ___% by November 1946
87, 32
by the end of the 1950s, ____% of all Americans identified with some religious denomination
95
in a speech in _____, Joseph McCarthy claimed that he he has a list of ____ known communists in the state department
February 1950, 205
in ____, the Army-McCarthy hearings began and lasted ____ days
April 1954, 36
in 1940, the population growth was ___ million. in 1950, the population growth was ____ million.
19, 29
in the 1946 elections, Republicans won majorities in both houses of Congress for the first time in since ____
1928
the GI Bill of _____ gave much of the stimulus to the housing boom
1944
in ____, the Atomic Energy Commission was created
1946
the ENIAC (calculator) was built in ____ at UPenn
1946
in ____, Fortune published a magazine poll in which ___% of women said they would prefer to be born again as men
1946, 25
in ___, pediatrician _____ published "Baby and Child Care"
1946, Benjamin Spook
in ____, Life magazine ran a photo essay called "The American Woman's Dilemma"
1947
in ____, Truman established a new Federal Employee Loyalty Program
1947
the Taft-Hartley Act was passed in ____
1947
the National Security Act, passed in ____, authorized an initial budget of $____ billion
1947, 13
in ____, congress passed two tax-cut measures, which Truman vetoed. in ____, congress overrode the veto
1947, 1948
The General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT) was the first worldwide multi-lateral free trade agreement, and first went into effect in _____
1948
in ____, General Motors offered the United Auto Workers a contract that included a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)
1948
in ____, the National Institute of Health was established by the government
1948
the transistor was developed in ____
1948
in _____, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" was published by _____
1948, Alfred C. Kinsey
in ____, the Department of Defense was established
1949
in ____, Albert Hiss was sent to prison for almost 4 years
1950
in ____, the National Science Foundation was created by the government
1950
the Diner's Club Card (first of consumer credit cards) appeared in ____
1950
by the end of ____, most families had atleast 1 automobile
1950s
by the end of ____, the COLA principle was built into most union contracts
1950s
in ____, "The Catcher in the Rye" was written by ______
1951, J.D. Salinger
Playboy magazine appeared in ____
1953
the country suffered 3 recessions: _____, _____, and _____, in Eisenhower's 8 years
1953-54, 1957-58, 1960-61
in ____, congress added "under God" to the pledge. in ___, they voted to require "in God we trust on all US currency
1954, 1955
in ___, AFL and CIO merged, creating an organization that would represent more than ___% of the country's union workers
1955, 90
in ____, poet ____ wrote "Howl"
1955, Allen Ginsberg
per capita personal income rose from $_______ in 1945 to $_____ in 1960
1,087, 2,026
in Manhattan, there was a noon-time population of ____ million, which dropped to ___ thousand overnight
1.5, 2
____ of Americans lived in suburbs by the end of the 1950s
1/3
by 1960, more than ___ of all black women held clerical, sales, service, or professional jobs
1/3
at the end of the Great Depression, fewer than _____ of all households had any discretionary income. In 1960, _______ did
1/4, 3/5
____ of all growth in the 1950s took place in California
1/5
right before WWII, agriculture supported ____ of Americans. In one generation, it only supported ____ (due to mechanization and consolidation)
1/5, 1/20
The US helped cause the "German Miracle", in which West Germany's rate of growth reached ____% a year in the early 1950s
10
in the 1950s, less than ____% of all Americans felt that an unmarried person could be happy
10
construction costs at Levittown, New York were only $____ per square foot, compared with $____ elsewhere
10, 12-15
after WWII, ____ million Union workers belonged to the AFL, and ____ million belonged to the CIO
10.5, 4.5
____ of the nation's largest cities lost population in the 1950s, as a result of movement out to the suburbs
14
by the end of WWII, American consumers had accumulated savings of $_____ billion
140
in 1940, only ___% of American wives had jobs, while in 1960, ___% had jobs
15, 30
in 1946, there were less than ___ thousand tv sets. by 1960, ___ of families owned atleast 1 set
17, 3/4
the ________ system was established during the first modern economic meeting of nations of _____, whereby the US would become the world financial leader, and the US dollar would become the global currency benchmark. the world bank was also created.
Bretton Woods, July 1944
in _____, the Senate released a report that painted a threatening picture of the problems of homosexuals in the civil service
December 1950
the ____ case proved to many Americans that the Communist threat existed in the US
Hiss-Chambers
_____ was a folksinger who describes the new suburb houses as "little boxes" in a poem
Malvina Reynolds
Governor ______ was the Dixiecrat presidential candidate in the 1948 election. _____ was the Progressive Party candidate. ____ was the Republican candidate
J. Strom Thurmond, Henry Wallace, Thomas Dewey
_____ was the idea that aggressive spending could head off another depression and maintain economic equilibrium (Truman liked this theory)
Keynes economics
the arrest of Julius and Ethel _____ in ____ fed fears of internal subversion
Rosenberg, 1950
______ was the pioneer of the subwar suburbanization movement
William J. Levitt
a ______ is a firm with holdings in a variety of industries in order to protect themselves against instability in a particular area. their development was encouraged by the booming economy.
conglomerate
during this time period, large corporations also moved increasingly into foreign markets, becoming a _______
multi-national business
an _______ is the domination of a given industry by a few firms. this became a feature of American capitalism after 1945.
oligopoly
in the 1950s, LA pulled ahead of _____ as the ____ largest city in the US
philadelphia, 3rd
_____ is the technique used for the mass production of houses
pre-fabrication
Truman's loyalty program examined ___ employers but found ground for dismissing only ____
several million, several hundred