1940s-50s Domestic

the Interstate Highway Act of ____ allotted $____ billion into building more than _____ thousand miles of federal highways

1956, 26, 40

by _____ the majority of American workers held white-collar jobs

1957

in ____, "On the Road" was typed by ___ on a 250 foot roll of paper

1957, Jack Kerouac

Congress established the National Outdoor Recreation Review Commission in ____ (first step toward considering environmental issues)

1958

by ____, California had nearly ____ of all prime military contracts in the nation

1959, 1/4

in ____, the CIO expelled ___ unions with alleged left-wing sympathies

1959, 11

by ____, the Pacific Coast held almost ____ of all Defense Department research and development contracts

1962, half

by ____, California passed New York as the world's most populous state

1963

in ____, author _____ published "The Feminine Mystique"

1963, Betty Friedan

in the 1950s, almost ____ of the women in college left before completing a degree

2/3

GNP rose from ______ billion in 1945 to _____ billion in 1960

200, 550

between 1946 and 1960, there was a _____% rise in real purchasing power

22

with the onset of the Korean War, the defense budget rose to $___ billion in 1951 and about $____ billion in 1953, at which point ____ of the total federal budget went to the armed forces

22, 47, half

by 1952, Truman's popularity had plummeted to ___%

23

in ____ years after 1945, the average farm size almost doubled

25

Truman beat Dewey ______ in the Electoral College in the 1948 presidential election

303-189

in the last ___ years of the 1950s, Elvis Presley had ___ hits that sold more than a million copies

4, 18

between 1947 and 1957, factory workers decreased ____% , electrical workers increased ____% and the number of salaried middle-class employees rose ____%

4, 23, 61

in 1955, the average American family watched ____ hours of tv a day

4-5

the annual rate of economic growth declined from ____% between 1947-52 to ____% between 1953-60 (result of Ike's reluctance to stimulate economy too much)

4.3, 2.5

in 1946, ____ million Union workers went on strike

4.6

_____ of families owned cars in the 1950s

4/5

between 1940 and 1970, more than ___ million African Americans moved from the south to the north

5

by the end of the 1960s, about ____ million credit cards of all kinds were in use in the US

50

the income gap between white and black women holding similar jobs dropped about ___% in 1940 to about ___% in 1960

50, 30

home-ownership rose from ___% in 1945 to ____% in 1960

53, 62

in the 1952 election, Eisenhower received ___% of the popular vote and carried ___ states

55, 41

in 1920, life expectancy was ____ for whites and ___ for blacks. midway through the 1950s, it was ___ for whites and ___ for blacks.

55, 45, 70, 64

by the mid-1950s, almost ______% of all American families were part of the middle class

60

in the decade after 1957, General Electric built ____ plants abroad, and numerous other firms did the same

61

In the studies of "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male", it was said that ___% of males who went to college had sex before marriage, while ___% of those who had only went to high school had. Also, ___% of males had experienced some kind of overt homosexual activity

67, 84, 37

inflation slowed from an average of ___% per year in the 1940s to _____% per year in the 1950s

7, 2-3

In 1957, a baby was born every ____ seconds, and _____ total babies were born in the year

7, 4.3 million

in 1945, ____ thousand cars were made, while atleast ____ million were made in 1960

70, 7

at the end of WWII, there were only ___ shopping centers in the US. in 1960, there were ____

8, 3,840

in 1946, consumer credit was $_____ billion. in 1958, it was $____ billion

8.4, 45

businesses were allowed to buy almost ____% of factories built by the government during the war for much less than they cost (this stimulated economic expansion)

80

in 1947, there were about ___ thousand in the American Communist Party. in 1954, there were ___ thousand.

80, 25

after Truman took office, he had an approval rating of ____%, which dropped to ___% by November 1946

87, 32

by the end of the 1950s, ____% of all Americans identified with some religious denomination

95

in a speech in _____, Joseph McCarthy claimed that he he has a list of ____ known communists in the state department

February 1950, 205

in ____, the Army-McCarthy hearings began and lasted ____ days

April 1954, 36

in 1940, the population growth was ___ million. in 1950, the population growth was ____ million.

19, 29

in the 1946 elections, Republicans won majorities in both houses of Congress for the first time in since ____

1928

the GI Bill of _____ gave much of the stimulus to the housing boom

1944

in ____, the Atomic Energy Commission was created

1946

the ENIAC (calculator) was built in ____ at UPenn

1946

in ____, Fortune published a magazine poll in which ___% of women said they would prefer to be born again as men

1946, 25

in ___, pediatrician _____ published "Baby and Child Care"

1946, Benjamin Spook

in ____, Life magazine ran a photo essay called "The American Woman's Dilemma"

1947

in ____, Truman established a new Federal Employee Loyalty Program

1947

the Taft-Hartley Act was passed in ____

1947

the National Security Act, passed in ____, authorized an initial budget of $____ billion

1947, 13

in ____, congress passed two tax-cut measures, which Truman vetoed. in ____, congress overrode the veto

1947, 1948

The General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT) was the first worldwide multi-lateral free trade agreement, and first went into effect in _____

1948

in ____, General Motors offered the United Auto Workers a contract that included a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)

1948

in ____, the National Institute of Health was established by the government

1948

the transistor was developed in ____

1948

in _____, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" was published by _____

1948, Alfred C. Kinsey

in ____, the Department of Defense was established

1949

in ____, Albert Hiss was sent to prison for almost 4 years

1950

in ____, the National Science Foundation was created by the government

1950

the Diner's Club Card (first of consumer credit cards) appeared in ____

1950

by the end of ____, most families had atleast 1 automobile

1950s

by the end of ____, the COLA principle was built into most union contracts

1950s

in ____, "The Catcher in the Rye" was written by ______

1951, J.D. Salinger

Playboy magazine appeared in ____

1953

the country suffered 3 recessions: _____, _____, and _____, in Eisenhower's 8 years

1953-54, 1957-58, 1960-61

in ____, congress added "under God" to the pledge. in ___, they voted to require "in God we trust on all US currency

1954, 1955

in ___, AFL and CIO merged, creating an organization that would represent more than ___% of the country's union workers

1955, 90

in ____, poet ____ wrote "Howl"

1955, Allen Ginsberg

per capita personal income rose from $_______ in 1945 to $_____ in 1960

1,087, 2,026

in Manhattan, there was a noon-time population of ____ million, which dropped to ___ thousand overnight

1.5, 2

____ of Americans lived in suburbs by the end of the 1950s

1/3

by 1960, more than ___ of all black women held clerical, sales, service, or professional jobs

1/3

at the end of the Great Depression, fewer than _____ of all households had any discretionary income. In 1960, _______ did

1/4, 3/5

____ of all growth in the 1950s took place in California

1/5

right before WWII, agriculture supported ____ of Americans. In one generation, it only supported ____ (due to mechanization and consolidation)

1/5, 1/20

The US helped cause the "German Miracle", in which West Germany's rate of growth reached ____% a year in the early 1950s

10

in the 1950s, less than ____% of all Americans felt that an unmarried person could be happy

10

construction costs at Levittown, New York were only $____ per square foot, compared with $____ elsewhere

10, 12-15

after WWII, ____ million Union workers belonged to the AFL, and ____ million belonged to the CIO

10.5, 4.5

____ of the nation's largest cities lost population in the 1950s, as a result of movement out to the suburbs

14

by the end of WWII, American consumers had accumulated savings of $_____ billion

140

in 1940, only ___% of American wives had jobs, while in 1960, ___% had jobs

15, 30

in 1946, there were less than ___ thousand tv sets. by 1960, ___ of families owned atleast 1 set

17, 3/4

the ________ system was established during the first modern economic meeting of nations of _____, whereby the US would become the world financial leader, and the US dollar would become the global currency benchmark. the world bank was also created.

Bretton Woods, July 1944

in _____, the Senate released a report that painted a threatening picture of the problems of homosexuals in the civil service

December 1950

the ____ case proved to many Americans that the Communist threat existed in the US

Hiss-Chambers

_____ was a folksinger who describes the new suburb houses as "little boxes" in a poem

Malvina Reynolds

Governor ______ was the Dixiecrat presidential candidate in the 1948 election. _____ was the Progressive Party candidate. ____ was the Republican candidate

J. Strom Thurmond, Henry Wallace, Thomas Dewey

_____ was the idea that aggressive spending could head off another depression and maintain economic equilibrium (Truman liked this theory)

Keynes economics

the arrest of Julius and Ethel _____ in ____ fed fears of internal subversion

Rosenberg, 1950

______ was the pioneer of the subwar suburbanization movement

William J. Levitt

a ______ is a firm with holdings in a variety of industries in order to protect themselves against instability in a particular area. their development was encouraged by the booming economy.

conglomerate

during this time period, large corporations also moved increasingly into foreign markets, becoming a _______

multi-national business

an _______ is the domination of a given industry by a few firms. this became a feature of American capitalism after 1945.

oligopoly

in the 1950s, LA pulled ahead of _____ as the ____ largest city in the US

philadelphia, 3rd

_____ is the technique used for the mass production of houses

pre-fabrication

Truman's loyalty program examined ___ employers but found ground for dismissing only ____

several million, several hundred