Chapter 11 Public Speaking

Analogy

a comparison between an unfamiliar idea, thing, or situation and something the audience already understands.

Figurative analogy

a comparison between two essentially unlike things or events that nevertheless share some feature

Literal analogy

a comparison between two similar things

delivery outline

a condensed, abbreviated outline that provides the notes a speaker uses when presenting a speech

Hypothetical illustration

a description of something that has not actually occurred but that could happen

Preparation outline

a detailed outline of the central idea, main ideas, and supporting material for a speech

Preview

a statement of what is to come in a speech

Signpost

a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker is moving from one idea to another

Boolean Search

an advanced web-searching technique that allows a user to narrow a key word search by specifying certain parameters.

Operational definition

an explanation of how an item being defined works or what it does

Expert testimony

an opinion offered by someone who is an authority on the subject under discussion

Lay testimony

an opinion or a description offered by a non expert who has firsthand experience

Oral Citation

an oral statement of the source of information used in a speech

Psychological Information

listener attributes such as attitudes, beliefs, and values

delivery cues

notes a speaker uses to remind himself or herself of nonverbal behaviors to use while making a presentation

Statistics

numerical data that summarize several examples

Central Idea

one sentence summary of your presentation (thesis)

Literary quotations

opinions or descriptions by writers used to illustrate or clarify a point

Spatial organization

organization based on location, position, or direction

Topical organization

organization by natural divisions of a central idea presented according to primacy, recency or complexity

Internal preview

previews that introduce and outline ideas that will be developed as a speech progresses

Government Documents

published federal information on almost every subject, including records of official federal proceedings

Demographic Information

statistics about audience characteristics such as age, gender, and cultural background

Illustration

story or anecdote about an idea, issue, or problem a speaker is discussing

Internal summaries

summaries that occur within and throughout a speech to help listeners keep ideas in mind as the speech progresses

Initial preview

the first statement of the main ideas of a presentation

Qualify

to learn as much as possible about a customer or an audience, such as backgrounds, likes and dislikes

Specific purpose

what you want your listeners to be able to do, remember, or feel when you finish your speech