Chapter 11 Public Speaking
Analogy
a comparison between an unfamiliar idea, thing, or situation and something the audience already understands.
Figurative analogy
a comparison between two essentially unlike things or events that nevertheless share some feature
Literal analogy
a comparison between two similar things
delivery outline
a condensed, abbreviated outline that provides the notes a speaker uses when presenting a speech
Hypothetical illustration
a description of something that has not actually occurred but that could happen
Preparation outline
a detailed outline of the central idea, main ideas, and supporting material for a speech
Preview
a statement of what is to come in a speech
Signpost
a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker is moving from one idea to another
Boolean Search
an advanced web-searching technique that allows a user to narrow a key word search by specifying certain parameters.
Operational definition
an explanation of how an item being defined works or what it does
Expert testimony
an opinion offered by someone who is an authority on the subject under discussion
Lay testimony
an opinion or a description offered by a non expert who has firsthand experience
Oral Citation
an oral statement of the source of information used in a speech
Psychological Information
listener attributes such as attitudes, beliefs, and values
delivery cues
notes a speaker uses to remind himself or herself of nonverbal behaviors to use while making a presentation
Statistics
numerical data that summarize several examples
Central Idea
one sentence summary of your presentation (thesis)
Literary quotations
opinions or descriptions by writers used to illustrate or clarify a point
Spatial organization
organization based on location, position, or direction
Topical organization
organization by natural divisions of a central idea presented according to primacy, recency or complexity
Internal preview
previews that introduce and outline ideas that will be developed as a speech progresses
Government Documents
published federal information on almost every subject, including records of official federal proceedings
Demographic Information
statistics about audience characteristics such as age, gender, and cultural background
Illustration
story or anecdote about an idea, issue, or problem a speaker is discussing
Internal summaries
summaries that occur within and throughout a speech to help listeners keep ideas in mind as the speech progresses
Initial preview
the first statement of the main ideas of a presentation
Qualify
to learn as much as possible about a customer or an audience, such as backgrounds, likes and dislikes
Specific purpose
what you want your listeners to be able to do, remember, or feel when you finish your speech