Chapter 11 Study Set
The normal resting stroke volume is
70 ml
Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall?
Active transport using proteins and ATP
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the _____.
Aorta
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?
Aortic arch, left subclavian artery, lelft axillary artery, left brachial artery
Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
Aortic semilunar valve
Which valve is closed during the heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?
Aortic semilunar valve
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is is ____.
Arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
Which of the following is the pathway the aorta takes as it exits the heart?
Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta
The two receiving chambeers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as _______.
Atria, ventricles
Which phrase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows the isovolumetric relaxation phase?
Atrial diastole
A patient who experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) sustained damage to the intrinsic conduction system. SInce the nerve impulse still reaches the atria, but does not reach either ventricle, assess the location of the damage
Atrioventricular (AV) node
A patient who experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) sustained damage to the intrinsic conduction system. Since the nerve impulse still reaches the atria, but does not reach either ventricle, assess the location of the damage.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?
Capillaries
What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps of the heart valves to the walls of the ventricles?
Chordae tendinae
The ability of the heart muscle to generate tension is known as _____.
Contractability
Which vessel carries oxygen-poor blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart?
Coronary sinus
Which part of the heart wall is composed of thin endothelium that lines the heart chambers?
Endocardium
Which of the following increases heart rate?
Epinephrine
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg is written with diastolic pressure over systole pressuer (T/F)
F
An increased firing of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased cardiac output (T/F)
F
Chordae tendinae anchor the semilunar valves and prevent them from inverting during heart contraction (T/F)
F
Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg (T/F)
F
The chordae tendinae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles (T/F)
F
The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract (T/F)
F
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in one minute (T/F)
F ( it is really amount of blood pumped per beat)
The QRS wave on an electrocadium (ECG) is representative of ventricular repolarization (T/F)
F (should be depolarization)
Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs (T/F)
False
The flaplike opening on the enteratrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the _____.
Foramen ovale
Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium?
Foramen ovale
Cardiac output is the product of which two variables?
Heart rate and stroke volume
Which of the following promote vasodilation?
Heat
The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ____.
Hepatic portal vein
Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140//90 mm Hg is a condition known as
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Which vessel feeds oxygen-rich blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain?
Internal carotid artery
What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?
Interventricular septum
Which system causes heart muscle to depolarize, atria first and then the ventricles?
Intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)
The walls of the ______ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
Left venticle
The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ______.
Mediastinum
The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from the Purkinje fibers is called the
Myocardium
The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ______
Neck
What statement best describes the hepatic portal system?
Nutrients and toxins picked up from capillaries in the stomach and intestine are transported to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein
Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?
Osmotic pressure
In a condition known as cardiac tamponade, excess serous fluid can build up around the heart in the pericardial cavity. Between what two layers is the fluid located?
Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
Which vessel drains the capillary beds?
Postcapillary venule
The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ______ circulation.
Pulmonary
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygen-rich blood?
Pulmonary vein
Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart?
Pulmonary veins
The alternating expression and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n)
Pulse
What can be palpated at a pressure point?
Pulse
What lowers the risk of coronary artery disease?
Regular, moderate exercise
Which of the following provides the functional blood supply to oxygenate and nourish the myocardium of the heart?
Right and left coronary arteries
The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the _____.
Right atrium
Which of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?
Right common carotid artery
AS blood flows from the heart to the right thumb, it does not pass through the _____
Right ventebral artery
Which of the following enforces a contraction rate of 75 beats per minute as the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ______.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?
Stroke volume (SV)
Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ______, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Superior vena cava
Which item means heart contraction?
Systole
What can we infer from the following: 110/70 mm Hg?
Systolic pressure measurement over diastolic pressure measurement
Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries
T
Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae (T/F)
T
During ventricular systole, blood is ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart (T/F)
T
During ventricular systole, the bicuspid and tricuspid (mitral) valves are closed (T/F)
T
Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds (T/F)
T
From inntermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa (T/F)
T
Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output. (T/F)
T
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and the different parts are known as the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta (T/F)
T
The functional blood supply that oxygenates the myocardium is provided by the right and left coronary arteries (T/F)
T
The part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart that directly transmits impulses to the walls of the ventricles i the Purkinje fibers (T/F)
T
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart (T/F)
T
Varicose veins result from overworked valves that give way and cause the veins to be twisted and dilated (T/F)
T
When precapillary sphincters are contracted and closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells in that region. (T/F)
T
Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
The P wave
Coronary artery disease results from _____.
The accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels.
Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium?
The foramen ovale
When the right ventricle contracts, which specific valve closes to prevent blood from flowing into the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve
Which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are
Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?
Tunica media
Patients with a condition called POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia cyncope) can have a variety of symptoms, including an elevated heart rate upson standing. In some cases, blood vessels do not adequately constrict upon standing. Deduce which part of the vessel is responsible.
Tunica media
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?
Venae cavae
Which of the following describes atrial diastole?
Ventricles passively filling with blood
The pulmonary semilunar valve is normally open during ______.
Ventricular systole
An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ______.
aorta to the left ventricle
The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ______, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.
apex
The atrioventricular valves are closed when _____.
atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the _____ valves.
atrioventricular (AV)
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because _____
blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ______.
epicardium
The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the _____.
foramen ovale
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the _______.
heart rate to decraese
The portion where the bundle branches are located is called the
interventricular septum
All four valves are briefly closed as pressure begins to rise in the ventricles, a phas known as ______.
isovolumetric contraction
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ____.
lungs
Veins ______.
often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
Large veins have ____ to prevent the backflow of blood.
valves
A phlebotomist places a needle into a vessel to dra blood; this vessel is characterized by thin walls.
vein