OB/GYN I Final Review

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

which of the following would an endometrial thickness of 8 mm be normal (3 answers) -a postmenopausal woman not on HRT -a woman in the later proliferative stage -a postmenopausal woman taking tamoxifen -a woman in the menstrual stage -a postmenopausal woman on HRT

-a woman in the later proliferative stage -a postmenopausal woman taking tamoxifen -a postmenopausal woman on HRT

If the fetal stomach appears small or absent, which of the following should the sonographer do? -immediately inform the pt -allow sufficient time for stomach to fill -check for diaphragmatic hernia -complete exam and send pt home without notifying physician -a and b -a and c -b and c -c and d -all the above

-b and c

3 causes of endometrial thickening

-endometriosis -ectopic pregnancy -carcinoma

symptoms of GTD (3 answers)

-enlarged uterus -vesicles passing through vagina -vaginal bleeding

3 reasons a scan might be ordered in the first trimester

-ensure it is an IUP -diagnose pregnancy failure -visualization of gestational sac

Which chamber of the fetal heart is normally located closest to the spine? -right atrium -left ventricle -left atrium -right ventricle

-left atrium

why would hCG levels be greater than expected (3 answers)

-multiple gestations -further along -gestational trophoblastic disease

4 functions of the placenta

-removes waste -supplies nutrients -produces hCG (and estrogen and progesterone) -transfers oxygen/CO2

what are the seven functions of amniotic fluid

-shock absorber (cushion) -maintains temp -source of nutrients -prevents infection -permits symmetric growth -prevents adhesions -allows development of organ systems

figure the RI Peak 25 cm/s End 5 cm/s

.8

figure the pulsatility index Peak 35 cm/s End 15 cm/s

.8

how many ovaries release an ovum each month

1

a normal embryo grows at a rate of _ per day -2 mm -1 mm -1 cm -2 cm

1 mm

the follicular phase of the ovulatory cycle is which days - 15 to 28 - 1 to 5 - 1 to 14 - just day 14

1 to 14

the follicular phase of the ovulatory cycle is which days -15 to 28 -1 to 14 -just day 14 -1 to 5

1 to 14

Which of the following may increase the occurrence of placental previa? Smoking Drug abuse Previous history of Cesarean Section Advanced maternal age -1, 2, 3 -1, 3, 4 -2, 3, 4 -1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

Placental previa can be which of the following: Complete Incomplete Marginal Low-Lying -1, 2, 3 -1, 3, 4 -1 and 4 -2 and 3

1, 3, 4

the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle is which days - 1 to 14 - 1 to 5 - day 14 - 15 to 28

1-5

The fetal heart should occupy ____________ of thoracic cavity. -1/3 to 1/2 -2/3 -1/4 to 1/3 -3/4 -1/4

1/3 to 1/2

Diaphragm motion can be visualized sonographically as early as ________ weeks. -9 -10 -11 -12

10

functional kidney tissue and major organ systems are established by week -7 -8 -9 -10

10

what week does the placenta take over during pregnancy -6 weeks -8 weeks -10 weeks -12 weeks

10 weeks

what is the hCG level range that most labs use to indicate pregnancy should be visible -1000 to 2000 mIU/mL -2000 to 3000 mIU/mL -3000 to 4000 mIU/mL -5000 mIU/mL -50,000 mIU/mL

1000 to 2000 mIU/mL

the bladder is usually visualized at _ weeks

11 to 13

LH will peak approximately _ hours before ovulation - 6 - 12 - 14 - 24

12

LH will peak approximately _ hours before ovulation -6 -12 -14 -24

12

the diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovaries is _ or more follicles measuring 2-9 mm that press on follow-up studies -6 -9 -10 -12

12

the time range for the first trimester is _

12 weeks after the first day of LMP

By week _____, the bowel should return to its intra-abdominal position. ABSOLUTELY NO LATER THAN _____. -12; 16 -9; 20 -20;30 -10; 20

12; 16

during a normal 28 day menstrual cycle, ovulation typically occurs on day

14

ovulation occurs on what day of the cycle

14

ovulation occurs on which day of the cycle

14

the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle is which days - 14 to 28 - 1 to 5 - 1 to 14 - day 14

14 to 28

the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle is which days -1 to 14 -1 to 5 -14 to 28 -day 14

14 to 28

fertilization of the ovum typically occurs on what day -14 -15 -16 -20

15

the morula is a _ cell cluster -13 -14 -16 -25

16

Typically, ultrasound evaluation of fetal anatomy is performed between ________ and __________ weeks of gestation. -10; 20 -10; 15 -16; 22 -15; 25

16; 22

the morula will leave the fallopian tube on what day -15 -18 -20 -21

18

how many folds make up the broad ligament

2

a mature follicle typically measures _ cm right before ovulation - 1 - 1.5 - 2 - 3

2 cm

the mature follicle that ovulates each month should be approximately _ in size at the time of ovulation - 1 cm - 2 cm - 2 in - 2 mm

2 cm

what is the occurrence of choriocarcinoma -25% -10 to 15% -2 to 3% -80 to 95%

2 to 3%

a female is born with approximately how many oocytes -200,000 -100,000 -300,000 -2,000,000

200,000

what % of benign tumors do epithelial tumors make up -25% -50% -75% -90%

25%

what % of endometroid tumors are bilateral -25% -50% -75% -90%

25%

what percentage of benign tumors do serous cystadenomas make up -25% -50% -70% -90%

25%

which of the following hCG levels would be consistent with GTD -5,000 IU/mL -10,000 IU/mL -80,000 IU/mL -250,000 IU/mL

250,000 IU/mL

Typically, choroid plexus cyst will disappear by ______ weeks -16 -28 -24 -20

28

implantation should be complete by day _

28

the female cycle is usually _ days in length

28

Normally, cisterna magna should measure between _____ mm to _____ mm. -16; 22 -1; 2 -2; 10 -10; 20

2; 10

the malignant forms (PTN forms) of gestational trophoblastic disease are which of the following 1. partial mole 2. invasive mole 3. choriocarcinoma 4. complete mole

3 only

figure the S/D ratio Peak 40 cm/s End 13 cm/s

3.07

figure ovarian volume 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.0 cm

3.27 cm

when data is collected in volume form it is termed -US guided ovum retrieval -sonohysterography -2D sonography -3D sonography

3D sonography

which of the following is the most common method used for measuring serum hCG levels -2IS -1st IRP -3rd IRP -none

3rd IRP

the earliest a sonographer would expect to visualize the amnion, and consequently the double bleb sign, would be at _ weeks -6 weeks -3.5 weeks -5.5 weeks -4 weeks

4 weeks

The ____________ view is considered to be the single most important view of the fetal heart. -RVOT -4-chamber -aortic arch -ductal arch -all of the above

4-chamber

typically, at which gestational age can a small gestational sac be visualized with TV ultrasound -2 weeks -3 to 5 weeks -4.5 to 5 weeks -5.5 to 6 weeks

4.5 to 5 weeks

in postmenopausal pt's who are not on HRT, an endometrial thickness less than _ mm is considered normal - 2 - 3 - 5 - 8

5

it is usually recommended the an ovarian cyst measuring greater than _ be surgically removed -3 mm -0.5 cm -2.5 cm -5 cm -5 mm

5 cm

if a post menopausal woman with no other history comes for a pelvic scan, her endometrium should measure less than or equal to which -5 cm -8 cm -5 mm -8 mm

5 mm

when a postmenopausal woman NOT on HRT comes in for a pelvic scan you should expect her endometrium to be no thicker than: -5 mm -5 cm -8 mm -8 cm

5 mm

the embryo can be visualized at _ weeks with TV ultrasound

5 to 6

the heart is visualized by weeks(s) -4 to 5 -5 to 7 -6 to 8 -10 to 12

5 to 7

menopause usually occurs around age _

50

what percentage of malignant tumors do serous cystadenocarcinomas make up -25% -50% -75% -90%

50%

an endometrioid tumor occurs most frequently in what decade of life -3rd to 4th -4th to 7th -5th to 6th -none

5th to 6th

how long are the fallopian tubes -5 to 6 cm -7 to 12 cm -8 to 14 cm -7 to 15 cm

7 to 12 cm

the normal size of the nulliparous uterus is -6x2 -7x4 -3x5 -2x3

7x4

the umbilical cord is usually visualized at _ weeks

8

a postmenopausal woman who is on HRT could have an endometrial measurement of -8 cm or less -5 cm or less -5 mm or less -8 mm or greater -8 mm or less

8 mm or less

how long is the vagina -9 cm -7 cm -12 cm -5 cm

9 cm

figure ovarian volume 5.0 x 2.5 x 1.5 cm

9.8 cm

what % of malignant tumors do epithelial make up -25% -50% -90% -1000%

90%

which of the following structures make up the double bleb sign -yolk sac -chorion -amnion -inner cell mass -A and B -A and C -B and C -C and D

A and C (yolk sac and amnion)

when the amniotic fluid is measured and put into units this is called -CRL -AFC -AFR -AFV

AFV

which of the following is used to help determine fetal well-being -AFV -CRL -HC -BPD

AFV

which of the following structures produces hCG -yolk sac -inner cell mass -embyronic disk -placenta -trophoblastic cells -A and B -A and D -C and D -D and E

D and E (placenta and trophoblastic cells)

drug used to reduce SAB; had ill effects on offspring

DES

when estrogen in the system reaches its peak, it will trigger the stop of which of the following hormones -FSH -hCG -GnRH -LH

FSH

which hormone stimulates the growth of follicles on the ovaries

FSH

which hormone stimulates the growth of follicles on the ovaries -GnRH -LH -FSH -estrogen

FSH

you are scanning a 30 year old female pt that has presented with pain and vaginal bleeding. You find this in the right adnexa -dermoid -Fallopian tube carcinoma -immature teratoma -thecoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma

what is a cyst in the vagina called

Gartner's duct cyst

these cysts are most common cystic lesions found in the vagina -nabothian cysts -baker's cysts -gartner's duct cysts -pilar cyst

Gartner's duct cysts

which of the following hormones is secreted by the hypothalamus -FSH -GnRH stimulating -LH -hCG -estrogen

GnRH stimulating

corpus luteum cysts are always seen in conjunction with _

IUP

when the uterine contour is normal but the endometrium is duplicated which has occurred? -failure of Müllerian ducts to fuse -Müllerian ducts fused, but midline septum did not reabsorb

Müllerian ducts fused, but midline septum did not reabsorb

cysts found in the cervix are termed what -uterine cysts -cervical cysts -gartners duct cysts -Nabothian cysts

Nabothian cysts

list 2 conditions that would be associated with a younger woman (in reproductive years) being diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia

PCOS or persistan anovulatory cycles

which of the following labs is used to help in diagnosis of endometrial cancer -beta hCG -PSA -Serum CA 125 -alpha feta protein

Serum CA 125

Which of the following statements regarding a normal fetal heart is not true: -Heart apex points left 45 degrees & touches anterior chest wall -Right ventricle lies anteriorly, closest to chest wall -Tricuspid valve inserts on septum slightly superior to mitral valve -Valves separate both atrium from ventricles -Ventricles are approx same size (until later in pregnancy when right > left) -none of the above

Tricuspid valve inserts on septum slightly superior to mitral valve

what is the treatment for GTD -IV antibiotic -oral medication -UT evacuation -embolization

UT evacuation

If you are scanning and see the "hanging noose sign", this should alert you to -a short cord -a two vessel cord -a normal cord varint -a true knot

a true knot

An OB patient has arrived for her 20 week ultrasound exam for fetal anatomy, size, and dates. As part of the assessment, maternal anatomy is also evaluated. You should exam and document which of the following? -uterus -adnexa -cervix -a and b -a and c -b and c -a, b, and c

a, b, and c

amenorrhea: -shortened cycles -heavy menstruation -absence of menstruation -extremely long cycles

absence of menstruation

with torsion, there is _ blood flow, free fluid, hypoechoic ovaries that are enlarged

absent

when a pt has Fallopian tube carcinoma, it will most likely be what histological type of cancer -teratocarcinoma -adenocarcinoma -mucinous cystadenocarcinoma -krukenberg tumor

adenocarcinoma

a 36 year old female has come for a pelvic ultrasound. She has a hx of pelvic pain, very heavy menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. Her physical exam showed an enlarged uterus. Upon sono exam, her uterus is enlarged by has normal contour. The pt's myometrium demonstrates characteristics seen

adenomyosis

when the endometrium extends into the myometrium it is termed -adenomyosis -AV malformation -leiomyosarcoma -diffuse fibroids

adenomyosis

which ethnic group are fibroids most common in -caucasian women -asian women -hispanic women -african american women

african american women

a females reproductive years begin at

ages 11-13

GTD can cause which of the following complications -hyperthyroidism -hyperemesis -pre eclampsia -all of the above

all of the above

The umbilical cord should be imaged in which plane(s)? -transverse -sagittal -all of the above

all of the above

Which fetal membrane is contiguous with the membrane lining the umbilical cord?

amnion

what is the thin line shown in the gestational sac -amnion -yolk sac -fetal pole -chorion

amnion

the chorion surround the (3 answers)

amnion, embryo, yolk sac

what is the cavity in which the fetus exists

amniotic cavity

This measurement is obtained by measuring the vertical depth of fluid in the 4 quadrants of the uterus. The measurements are then added together to obtain:

amniotic fluid index

fertilization typically occurs in which portion of the fallopian tube -isthmus -interstitial portion -infundibulum -ampulla

ampulla

which of the following portions of the Fallopian tube is where fertilization occurs -isthmus -infundibulum -interstitial -ampulla

ampulla

what leads to or causes a complete molar pregnancy

an abnormal egg is fertilized by normal sperm

A mother with Maternal Diabetes or Rh sensitivity might have: -a very aged placenta -an enlarged placenta -a small placenta -a normal placenta

an enlarged placenta

which of the following is NOT a sonographic appearance of adenomyosis -anechoic area with mosaic color flow -Venetian blind shadowing -myometrial cysts -UT enlargement

anechoic areas with mosaic color flow

what is the modality used that to confirm diagnosis of an AV malformation -cat scan -angiography -ultrasound -MRI

angiography

when the fundus and body of the uterus is bent forward (possibly touching the cervix) even when the bladder is full is termed: -anteflexion -anteversion -retroversion -retroflexion

anteflexion

this pelvic space is located between the uterus and the pubic bone -posterior cul-de-sac -pouch of douglas -anterior cul-de-sac -space of retzius

anterior cul-de-sac

Which femur is used when obtaining femur length measurement? -posterior femur -anterior femur -either femur can be used

anterior femur

bending forward of the fundus and body of the uterus towards the cervix when the bladder is empty describes which: -anteflexion -retroversion -retroflexion -anteversion

anteversion

when the fundus of the uterus is mildly indented because of the median septum (endometrium) it is termed: -unicornuate -septate -arcuate -partial septate

arcuate

the arteries seen in the myometrium of the uterus are -ovarian arteries -uterine arteries -arcuate arteries -endometrial arteries

arcuate arteries

a young woman comes into the ER with severe vaginal bleeding. She suffered pelvic trauma a few days ago. Her blood lab values show decreased hemoglobin. While performing US you noticed multiple anechoic structures throughout the myometrium. Color doppler reveals abundant blood flow. What pathology do you suspect?

arteriovenous malformation

The umbilical ____________ return deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta for purification. -vein -arteries

arteris

endometrial adhesions are also known as _ syndrome -akerman's -leventhal's -asherman's -anderson's

asherman's

the highest incidence of GTD occurs in which ethnic group -african american -indian -white -asian

asian

where does normal bowel herniation occur

at the base of the umbilical cord

When the umbilical cord is attached to the edge of the placenta it is termed: -battledore placenta -velamentous placenta -succenturate placenta -circumvallate placenta

battledore placenta

normally, in a postmenopausal woman, you would expect the ovaries to _ -contain multiple follicles -to remain unchanged from appearance prior to menopause -be atrophied -be hypertrophied

be atrophied

cystic teratomas are almost always malignant or benign

benign

transitional cell tumors are typically uncommon, asymptomatic, and almost always _ -malignant -cause ascites -rupture -benign

benign

thecomas are typically _ and fibromas are _

benign, benign

When during a pregnancy should you normally see abdominal wall gut herniation? (I am not asking when is it supposed to return, but when is it supposed to OCCUR). -between 9-11 weeks -between 18-20 weeks -between 12-16 weeks -between 4-8 weeks -none of the above

between 9-11 weeks

are theca-lutein cysts unilateral or bilateral

bilateral

is polycystic ovarian syndrome unilateral or bilateral

bilateral

combination of estrogen/progesterone used to prevent pregnancy

birth control pills

the umbilical cord can be visualized around what anatomical structure -bladder -stomach -liver -kidneys

bladder

what implants in the uterine cavity (endometrium)

blastocyst

what are the 4 parts of the uterus -internal os, external os, cervix, fundus -vagina, cervix, body, isthmus -cervix, vagina, ovaries, isthmus -body, fundus, cervix, isthmus

body, fundus, cervix, isthmus

Single umbilical artery may be associated with -fetal abnormalities -nothing if found alone -both of the above are correct

both of the above are correct

what is another name for transitional cell tumor -wilm's -brenner -sertoli -leydig

brenner

during a pelvic ultrasound exam, the sonographer notices a hypoechoic solid mass in the rt ovary. The outer wall of the mass is hyperechoic, suggesting some calcification of the tumor wall. The sono appearance is similar to an ovarian fibroma or thecoma. What is the pathology? -mucinous cystadenocarcinoma -brenner tumor -clear cell tumor -serous cystadenoma

brenner tumor

this tumor was found incidentally during a pt's abdominal surgery. The pt had not had any symptoms. This was removed and found to be benign. It is very uncommon -mucinous cystadenocarcinoma -brenner tumor -serous cystadenoma -clear cell tumor

brenner tumor

the endometrial canal will present as a thin _ reflective stripe

bright

paraovarian cysts are located in _ -vesicouterine ligament -cardinal ligament -broad ligament -round ligament

broad ligament

which of the following ligaments is NOT a major supporting ligament of the uterus/cervix -round ligament -broad ligament -cardinal ligament -none of the above

broad ligament

how do you determine a paraovarian cyst

by demonstrating a normal ovary close to but separate from the cyst

Define: aortic arch

candy cane appearance

the portion of the vascular bed that is missing in an AV malformation is -vein -artery -capillary -none of the above

capillary

What gives fetal kidneys an echogenic border in 3rd trimester? -maturation of renal arteries -capsule -renal cysts -renal calculi -none of the above

capsule

Which of the following fetal assessments is documented using M-mode? -placenta -amniotic fluid -cardiac activity -cerebral evaluation -respirations -umbilical vessels

cardiac activity

the ligament that supports the cervix is termed -round ligament -cardinal ligament -ligamentum venosum -broad ligament

cardinal ligament

What is the most common fetal presentation -cephalic -shoulder -complete breech -footling -frank breech

cephalic

The cisterna magna is a cerebral spinal fluid space located between the _________ and the __________. -corpus callosum and frontal bone -cavum septum pellucidum and occipital bone -cavum septum pellucidum and corpus callosum -cerebellum and occipital bone

cerebellum and occipital bone

the localized form of endometriosis is a discrete mass called an endometrioma or _ -endometriosis cyst -localoma -teratoma cyst -chocolate cyst

chocolate cyst

A benign vascular tumor of the placenta is a: -lymphoma -choriocarcinoma -chorioangioma -hemangioma

chorioangioma

which of the following will rapidly metastasize to the lung, liver, brain, GI tract, or skin -invasive mole -choriocarcinoma -PSTT -all of the above

choriocarcinoma

all of the following develop from the inner cell mass except -embryonic disk -amnion -primitive yolk sac -chorion

chorion

the yolk sac is within this cavity:

chorionic cavity

what are the fingerlike projections that help form the chorion

chorionic villi

what is the invasive diagnostic test that samples cells from placenta tissue

chorionic villi sampling

When the placental membranes attach to the fetal surface of the placenta rather than to the underlying villous placental margin it is termed: -circumvallate/circummarginate placenta -succenturate placenta -battledore placenta -velamentous placenta

circumvallate/circummarginate placenta

this is a malignancy that was found in a pt who was 66 and also found to have endometriosis -serous cystadenoma -clear cell tumor -mucinous cystadenoma -endometrioid tumor

clear cell tumor

Which of the following may be used to help better visualize the cord around the neck of the fetus? -M-mode scanning -gray scale scannig -A-mode scanning -color doppler

color doppler

another term for vagina

colpos

when the Müllerian ducts fail to fuse properly and the result is 1 vagina, 2 uterus -unicornuate -complete bicornuate -subseptate -arcuate -partial bicornuate -didelphys

complete bicornuate

this pt has very elevated levels of hCG and both ovaries are covered with multiple large cysts. What is this? -complete mole -normal pregnancy -partial mole -retained products of conception

complete mole

when the median septum (endometrium) is duplicated throughout the uterus all the way to the cervical os it is termed: -partial bicornuate -arcuate -complete septate -partial septate

complete septate

You are performing a BPP exam on an OB patient who is 36 weeks. You have been observing the fetus for 18 minutes and have yet to observe adequate fetal movement. What should you do? -send pt to ER -continue observing for full 30 minutes -record the score for fetal movement as 0 -end exam and reschedule pt for another day

continue observing for full 30 minutes

If an ovarian cyst is visualized early in the pregnancy, it is most likely a _____________ cyst. -follicular cyst -chocolate cyst -corpus luteum -dermoid cyst -none of the above

corpus luteum

these cysts tend to be unilateral, are more prone to hemorrhage, and may accompany an IUP -paraovarian cyst -theca lutein cyst -follicular cyst -corpus luteum

corpus luteum cyst

a 26 year old female comes to the ER for severe RLQ pain. The physician order a pelvic exam to rule out an ectopic pregnancy since the pt has irregular menstrual cycles. The pt has a positive urine pregnancy test. She states the first day of her LMP was 3 weeks ago... when performing the exam you see this. What is probably causing the pain -corpus luteum with hemorrhage -large follicular cyst -ovarian torsion -paraovarian cyst

corpus luteum with hemorrhage

the central medulla of the ovary is surrounded by the -germinal epithelium -cortex -linea terminalis -tunica albuginea

cortex

which of the following is the most accurate way of dating a pregnancy sonographically -crown rump length -mean sac diameter -measurement of yolk sac -by fetal heart rate -head circumference

crown rump length

what is the corpus luteum

cyst that secretes progesterone and estrogen

dermoid cyst is another name -cystic teratoma -serous cystadenoma -dysgerminoma -yolk sac tumor

cystic teratoma

typically, serum hCG will double every 2 to 3 _ -hours -minutes -weeks -days

days

what is the glycogen-rich mucosa that nourishes early pregnancy

decidua

what layer is the maternal contribution to the placenta that develops where the blastocyst implants

decidua basalis

what layer overlies the part of the gestational sac facing the uterine cavity

decidua capsularis

which of the following is not a layer of the endometrium in the pregnant state -decidua parietalis -decidua basilis -decidua capsularis -decidua media

decidua media

what layer is the most peripheral and unoccupied by the implanted ovum

decidua vera

which of the following is NOT a reason for a woman to be on HRT -decreases mood swings -decreases risk of breast cancer -decreases hot flashes -decreases risk of osteoporosis

decreases risk of breast cancer

Define: oligohydramnios

deficiency of amniotic fluid

in some cystic teratomas, floating hair can create multiple hyperechogenic interfaces within the cyst, as demonstrated in the image below what sign is this? -tip of the iceberg -dermoid plug -starry night -dermoid mesh

dermoid mesh

this pt is a 33 year old female who is scheduled for a pelvic ultrasound. During her checkup, the physician felt a mass in LLQ. Lab values were within normal range, there has been no pain and menstrual cycles have been normal. What did you find? -yolk sac tumor -ectopic pregnancy -fibroma -dermoid plug

dermoid plug

Define: fetal lie

determined by relationship of long axis of fetus to long axis of mother

ovarian cancer has highest mortality rate of gynecological malignancies due to -lack of professional knowledge regarding the disease -diagnosis typically occurs in late stages of disease -lack of effective treatment options -all of the above

diagnosis typically occurs in late stages of disease

which of the following will occur when the 2 Müllerian ducts fail to fuse leaving 2 vaginas, 2 cervix, 2 uterus -complete bicornuate -unicornuate -separate uterus -partial bicornuate -didelphys

didelphys

this pt has come in for a pelvic scan and while you are scanning you notice 2 vaginas, 2 cervix, and 2 uterus. It is very prominent in trans. What anomaly is this

didelphys uterus

there are two forms of endometriosis.. which is the more common form? -diffuse -localized

diffuse

which portion of the Fallopian tube is usually the involved portion when Fallopian tube carcinoma is present -ampulla -isthmus -distal -proximal

distal

yes

does this image show malignant characteristics

what is shown in the gestational sac in this image -double bleb -yolk sac -fetal pole (CRL) -abnormal pregnancy

double bleb

what is the interface between the decidua capsularis and is echogenic and highly vascular

double decidua sign

what is the thick echogenic area around the gestational sac called -double bleb -double decidual reaction -GTD -abnormal gestational sac

double decidual reaction

which of the following malignant germ cell tumors have the sono appearance of being solid, echogenic masses possibly with small anechoic areas? The tumor have a high survival rate due to being radiosensitive -dysgerminoma -dermoid -immature teratoma -yolk sac tumor

dysgerminoma

which of the malignant germ cell tumors is identical to the testicular seminoma found in males -yolk sac tumor -dermoid -immature teratoma -dysgerminoma

dysgerminoma

painful or difficult menstruation is termed -polymenorrhea -menorrhea -dysmenorrhea -amenorrhea

dysmenorrhea

the common clinical symptoms for endometriosis include all of the following except -dysmenorrhea -infertility -dysuria -dyspareunia

dysuria

sono appearance of PTN is usually focal _ myometrial nodule

echogenic

the uterus basal layer should appear highly _

echogenic

what is the echogenic solid structure called inside the gestational sac

embryo

the yolk sac tumor is also called the -dermoid cyst -endodermal sinus tumor -teratoma -androblastoma

endodermal sinus tumor

a pt has been having difficulty getting pregnant, upon asking her history you find out she has a history of pelvic surgery. You don't see anything transabdominally or transvaginally, the radiologist recommends a sonohyserography exam. What does he suspect this pt has? -endometrial cancer -endometrial adhesions -endometritis -endometrial hyperplasia

endometrial adhesions

scar tissue in the endometrium is -endometrial hyperplasia -endometritis -endometriosis -endometrial adhesions

endometrial adhesions

what is the most common gynecological malignancy in North America? -endometrial carcinoma -cervical carcinoma -leiomyosarcoma -ovarian carcinoma

endometrial carcinoma

Your pt is a 59 year old female who is postmenopausal. She has been experiencing some intermittent vaginal bleeding for the past 2 months. She is on estrogen replacement therapy to alleviate some postmenopausal symptoms. What is being demonstrated:

endometrial hyperplasia

abnormal proliferation of the endometrial tissue is called: -endometrial cancer -endometrial hyperplasia -adenomyosis -endometritis

endometrial hyperplasia

which of the following is most commonly a precursor for endometrial carcinoma -endometrial polyps -endometrial adhesions -leiomyomas -endometrial hyperplasia

endometrial hyperplasia

This image was taken during a pelvic exam of a postmenopausal woman who was experiencing a small amount of vaginal bleeding. What is demonstrated?

endometrial polyps

of all the types of epithelial-stromal tumors, which malignancy has a better prognosis than the others -clear cell tumor -serous -endometrioid -mucinous -brenner

endometrioid

_ is a common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is located outside of the uterus -peritoneal inclusion cyst -endometritis -pelvic inflammatory disease -endometriosis

endometriosis

what is associated in 50-70% of patients with clear cell tumors

endometriosis

inflammation of the endometrium is -endometriosis -endometrial hyperplasia -endometrial cancer -endometritis

endometritis

your pt had a D&C three days ago. She has been running a fever for 24 hours. Her endometrium is thick and irregular with fluid in it and some reverberation artifact. What pathology is this? -endometrial cancer -endometritis -endometrial hyperplasia -endometrial adhesions

endometritis

which of the following is a layer of the uterus that is "stripe" like -cervix -endometrium -periometrium -myometrium

endometrium

PCOS looks like bilaterally _ polycystic ovaries with several small cysts around the ovary

enlarged

abnormal ovaries suggestive of malignancy are typically defined as _ and _ ovaries

enlarged and echogenic

fibroids are fed by which of the following hormones -progesterone -estrogen -FSH -hcG

estrogen

follicles secrete which hormone

estrogen

follicles secrete which hormone -estrogen -FSH -progesterone -LH

estrogen

which of the following hormones stimulate the growth of the endometrium -estrogen -progesterone -FSH -LH

estrogen

which of the following hormones stimulates growth o the endometrium -estrogen -FSH -LH -progesterone

estrogen

which of the following are hormones that are produced by the ovary (2 answers) -hcG -LH -estrogen -progesterone -FSH

estrogen and progesterone

what is the most common risk factor for endometrial carcinoma

estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

Define: polyhydramnios

excess of amniotic fluid

Define: mega-cisterna magna

excessive enlargement of cisterna magna

small amounts of fluid in the endometrial canal may be considered normal in an asymptomatic pt. This fluid should be _ from the endometrial measurement

excluded

list 2 common locations where ectopic endometrial tissue may be found

fallopian tube and ovary

what is the least common gynecological cancer

fallopian tube carcinoma

(T or F) a normal umbilical cord contains 2 umbilical veins and 1 umbilical artery

false

(T or F) clear cell tumors are almost always benign

false

(T or F) endometrial hyperplasia results from unopposed progesterone stimulalion

false

(T or F) endometrial polyps are a rare benign lesion of the endometrium

false

(T or F) endometrial tissue is NOT highly curable

false

(T or F) serum hCG becomes detectable at approximately the same time as gestational sac is visualized TV

false

(T or F) sonography is a common, reliable way to diagnose diffuse endometriosis

false

(T or F) the correct way to obtain crown rump length is to measure from top of head to bottom of rump, including legs

false

(T or F) the rhombencephalon is the middle brain

false

(T or F) typically, the Fallopian tube is NOT involved in an ovarian torsion

false

(T or F) unopposed estrogen decreases risk of endometrial carcinoma

false

True or False: A normal ureter is 1-2 mm in diameter and is usually visible during the OB ultrasound exam. -true -false

false

True or False: Adnexal cysts are an uncommon finding during gestation. -true -false

false

True or False: By 10 to 12 weeks, most of cerebral structures of the fetus can be sonographically identified. -true -false

false

True or False: Each vertebra develops 4 ossification centers. -true -false

false

True or False: Presence of choroid plexus cyst is always associated with presence of Trisomy 18. -true -false

false

True or False: The abdominal circumference should be taken at the level of the stomach and umbilical cord insertion. -true -false

false

True or False: The heart position and axis are variable in a normal fetus. -true -false

false

True or False: When measuring femur length, the ossified diaphysis and epiphyseal cartilage are included in the measurement. -true -false

false

which of the following risk factors for ovarian cancer is considered to be the most important -nulliparity -family history -pt history of breast, endometrial, or colon cancer -increasing age

family history

Define: footling presentation

feet are presenting

While obtaining an amniotic fluid measurement, the area should be free of ________________ and ___________________.

fetal anatomy; umbilical cord

Define: frank breech presentation

fetal hips flexed and knees extended

Define: complete breech presentation

fetal hips flexed and knees flexed

What accounts for the majority of the total amount of amniotic fluid by the second half of the pregnancy? -maternal fluid intake -fetal urination into amniotic sac -fetal activity level -maternal daily caloric intake

fetal urination into amniotic sac

Define: cephalic presentation

fetus head is positioned closest to cervical os

what is a common term for a leiomyoma -IUD -fibroid -polyp -adenomyoma

fibroid

a woman comes in for a routine pelvic scan with no symptoms, no pain, uterus mildly enlarged -leiomyosarcoma -adenomyosis -fibroids -AV malformation

fibroids

what do sonographers use to determine the gestational age or menstrual age of an embryo/fetus -first day of LMP -last day of LMP -day 14 of normal menstrual cycle -date of conception

first day of LMP

what is fetal vernix

flakes of skin

when a pt comes in for serial scans to measure follicles for their size to determine if ovulation will occur soon this study is called

follicle monitoring

list the 3 ovulatory phases

follicular, ovulatory, luteal

what is the prosencephalon

forebrain

the four areas of the vagina that surround the cervix are termed: -external os -endocervix -exocervix -fornices

fornices

the largest part of the uterus is the _

fundus

this tumor is the most common ovarian malignancy found in children and young women -metastatic tumor -epithelial tumor -germ cell tumor -sex cord stromal tumor

germ cell tumor

what surrounds the tunica albuginea -cortex -germinal epithelium -follicles -corpus luteum

germinal epithelium

a _ is the first reliable sign of an IUP with gray-scale sonography -gestational sac -increased levels of hCG -primitive yolk sac -secondary yolk sac

gestational sac

you are scanning a pt to verify she is pregnant and approximate the gestational age of the pregnancy. When you asked for her first day of LMP, she said she doesn't remember, but she has been experiencing some light bleeding during the past 3-4 days. The lab report shows her hCG level is 950 mIU/mL. What is being demonstrated in TV exam image? -gestational sac in the decidua -yolk sac -endometrial cyst -free fluid in the endometrial cavity

gestational sac in the decidua$

when fetal parts start to develop, but fail to develop appropriately and then there is proliferation abnormally of the trophoblastic tissue, this is termed -ectopic pregnancy -gastroschisis -gestational trophoblastic disease -missed abortion

gestational trophoblastic disease

which of the following would not be a cause of lower-than-expected hCG levels -embryonic demise -incorrect dates and pregnancy is not as far along -gestational trophoblastic disease -ectopic pregnancy

gestational trophoblastic disease

a mature follicle is known as a _ follicle

graafian

what is the name of the follicle that reaches maturity each month and ovulates -lutein follicle -corpus luteum -anovulatory follicle -grafiaan follicle

grafiaan follicle

this tumor occurred in a 7 year old girl. She showed major signs of puberty and lab tests revealed an abnormal increase in her estrogen levels -yolk sac tumor -fibroma -granulosa cell tumor -thecoma

granulosa cell tumor

which of the following is the most estrogen-active ovarian tumor -yolk sac tumor -dysgerminoma -granulosa cell tumor -thecoma

granulosa cell tumor

which of the following produces sexual precocity in premenarchal girls -androblastoma -fibroma -immature teratoma -granulosa cell tumor

granulosa cell tumor

which of the following hormones being secreted is going to lead to the maintaining of the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion -GnRH -hCG -FSH -estrogen

hCG

which is a feature of the placental site trophoblastic tumor that makes it different from the other forms of PTN -hCG marker is unreliable -it has no symptoms -hCG marker is very reliable -it is cancerous

hCG marker is unreliable

blood in the uterus is _

hematometra

_ is the accumulation of secretions and blood in the uterus and/or vagina due to an obstruction. This term is used after a girl has begun menstruating -hydrometrocolpos -hyperplasia -endometritis -hematometrocolpos

hematometrocolpos

blood in uterus and vagina is _

hematometrocolpos

this pt has a known cyst on her ovary. She has been coming in for follow ups regularly but recently came to the ER with a bout of acute pelvic pain. What could this be?

hemorrhagic cyst

during a pelvic exam on a 31 year old female with a history of acute onset pelvic pain, you find what appears to be a mass in the rt ovary. Color doppler shows no flow in the mass, but there is flow in the ovaries. What pathology is demonstrated? -hemorrhagic cyst with retracting clot -polycystic ovarian syndrome -ovarian torsion -ectopic pregnancy

hemorrhagic cyst with retracting clot

All of the following describe the normal sonographic appearance of fetal lungs except: -granular appearance -homogeneous -heterogeneous -slightly more echogenic than liver

heterogeneous

what forms the anterior/later border of the pelvic cavity

hip bones and obturator internus muscles

Define: ducatal arch

hockey stick appearance

Sonographically, during the first portion of a pregnancy, the placenta should have ___________ pebble-gray appearance. -anechoic -heterogeneous -homogeneous -echogenic

homogeneous

all of the following are considered to be sono characteristics of endometrial carcinoma except -change in shape of uterine parenchyma -poorly defined, irregular margins -heterogenous echogenicity of endometrium -homogenous sono appearance of uterine parenchyma -enlarged uterine size

homogenous sonographic appearance of uterine parenchyma

hCG stands for

human chorionic gonadotropin

the most common benign form of GTN is -PSTT -persistent trophoblastic neoplasia (PTN) -invasive mole -hydatidaform mole

hydatidaform mole

the snowstorm appearance describes which of the following -PSTT -missed abortion -hydatidform mole -invasive mole

hydatidform mole

fluid in uterus is _

hydrometra

_ is the accumulation of secretions in the uterus and/or vagina due to obstruction. This term refers to the the condition prior to the pt beginning her menstrual periods -hyperplasia -hydrometrocolpos -endometritis -hematometrocolpos

hydrometrocolpos

fluid in uterus and vagina is _

hydrometrocolpos

you are scanning a 10 year old female pt who has not begun menstruating yet. She presents with discomfort and pain in lower pelvis. What condition is present

hydrometrocolpos

what is vascularity like with PTN

hypervascular and abnormal

the uterus superficial layer will appear _ compared to the basal layer

hypoechoic

the pelvic portion of the peritoneal cavity extends between the _ _ to the pelvic diaphragm (sup to inf) and then to the _ _ to sacrum coccyx (ant to post)

iliac crests

which of the following muscle groups is in the false pelvis -iliopsoas -psoas major -rectus sheath -obturator internus

iliopsoas

this pt is a 6 year old child with a palpable mass. Upon scanning you find the image shown. The child had it removed and it is found to be malignant -dysgerminoma -immature teratoma -yolk sac tumor -dermoid cyst

immature teratoma

list the malignant germ cell tumors

immature teratoma, yolk sac tumor, dysgerminoma

what is the most common congenital cause of hydrometrocolpos/hematometrocolpos -endometriosis -fibrosis from radiation -cervical tumor -imperforate hymen

imperforate hymen

what is the most common congenital cause of hydrometrocolpos/hematometrocolpos -fibrosis from radiation -cervical tumor -endometriosis -imperforate hymen

imperforate hymen

Amniotic Band Syndrome is something that occurs due to: -properly fused amnion and chorion -preterm delivery -placental abruption -improperly fused amnion and chorion

improperly fused amnion and chorion

which off the following might make you suspicious that a fibroid is malignant or a leiomyosarcoma -decreasing in size in a post menopausal woman -increasing in size with a pregnancy -increasing in size in a normal cyclic patient -increasing in size in a post menopausal woman

increasing in size in a post menopausal woman

what is an adverse effect of endometrial polyps -infertility -no adverse effects -pain -fibroids

infertility

which of the following two are paired ligaments that support the ovaries -round ligament -cardinal ligament -infundibulopelvic ligament -ovarian ligament

infundibulopelvic and ovarian ligaments

which part of the Fallopian tube has fimbrae attached to it -cornu -infundibulum -isthmus -ampulla

infundibulum

the cervix has two parts called what

internal and external os

which of the following is a good landmark for locating the ovaries -internal iliac artery -external iliac artery -psoas muscle -levator ani muscle

internal iliac artery

which of the following is NOT part of the fallopian tube -isthmus -internal os -ampulla -interstitial portion

internal os

this part of the Fallopian tube is the narrowest -ampulla -isthmus -interstitial portion -infundibulum

interstitial portion

fibroid within the endometrial cavity is a _ _

intracavitary leiomyoma

what is the most common leiomyoma and confined to myometrium

intramural leiomyoma

chorioadenoma destruens is also known as -choriocarcinoma -partial mole -complete mole -invasive molar pregnancy

invasive molar pregnancy

which PTN is also known as chorioadenoma destruens

invasive mole

which of the following is the most common form of PTN -placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) -complete mole -choriocarcinoma -invasive mole

invasive mole

During the 2nd trimester, the kidneys should appear as ____________ structures adjacent to fetal spine. -hyperechoic -isoechoic -highly echogenic -anechoic

isoechoic

which part of the uterus is where it narrows

isthmus

why do endometroid tumors typically have a better prognosis than the other malignancies -it responds to all forms of treatment -more types of chemotherapy drugs are available for this particular malignancy -it occurs only in young women -it is usually diagnosed at an earlier stage

it is usually diagnosed at an earlier stage

if pregnancy occurs, what happens to the corpus luteum

it stays the same

The quantity of amniotic fluid is directly related to fetal ________ function. -thyroid -liver -neurologic -biliary -kidney

kidney

as you are scanning a 20 year old female, you determine she has a partial bicornuate uterus. What other anatomy do you evaluate

kidneys

this metastatic tumor originates in the gastric or colonic region. It contains signet ring cells which produce mucin -krukenberg tumor -sertoli leydig tumor -kleinfelter's tumor -granulosa tumor

krukenberg tumor

this network is small blood vessels where O2 and CO2 are exchanged, metabolite transfer occurs, and wastes are transferred. What is it?

lacunar network

what is the sono appearance of a serous cystadnoma

large, thin-walled, unilocular cystic masses

The flap of the foramen ovale should open into which fetal heart chamber? -left atrium -right atrium -left ventricle -right ventricle

left atrium

the left ovarian vein drains into which of the following veins -IVC -uterine -external iliac -left renal

left renal

this pt is a 39 year old female who has had heavy periods for the past several years. Over the past 6 months, the pt has noticed she needs to urinate more but denies any pain or during. During her yearly checkup, her gyne discovered her uterus is enlarged. A pregnancy test came back negative. While scanning you see this:

leiomyoma

this uterine pathology typically has sono appearance of a hypoechoic mass. It is a rare occurrence and may develop from a preexisting fibroid. Because of its identical appearance to benign tumors, the diagnosis is not made on the basis of sonographic imaging

leiomyosarcoma

What is the normal measurement for the lateral ventricles? -greater than 20 mm -greater than 1 mm -greater than 10 mm -less than 10 mm -less than 1 mm -none of the above

less than 10 mm

what is the normal diameter of the umbilical cord

less than 2 cm

polymenorrhea: -less than 21 days between cycles -more than 35 days between cycles -cycles of 28 days -absence of menstruation

less than 21 days between cycles

these muscles are a hammock on the pelvic floor -levator ani -pelvic diaphragm -psoas -piriformis

levator ani

the line that extends from the pubic symphysis to the sacrum and separates the pelvis into true and false sections is termed: -linea terminalis -linea albuginea -germinal terminalis -tunica albuginea

linea terminalis

what are the sonographic features of fibroids (2)

lobulated and displacement of endometrial echoes

The cord length can adversely affect the fetus, which would cause coiling or knots? -short cord -long cord

long cord

Which cord length could cause knotting or prolapsing? -short cord -long cord

long cord

do granulosa cell tumors have a high or low malignancy rate

low

The fetal thymus gland is located anterior to all of the following except: -SVC -pulmonary trunk -aortic arch -lungs

lungs

The normal development of which of the following structures is extremely dependent on the exchange of amniotic fluid within them? -red blood cells and blood plasma -chambers of the heart -hepatic system -kidneys -lungs -cerebral ventricles

lungs

which ovarian phase will follow ovulation -luteal -proliferative -menstrual -follicular

luteal

which two phases occur simultaneously during approximately days 14-28 -follicular phase -luteal phase -menstrual phase -secretory phase

luteal and secretory phase

the process which the Graafian follicle becomes the corpus luteum

luteinization

the more monographically complex a mass is, the more likely it is _, especially if it is associated with ascites

malignant

if a known leiomyoma undergoes a rapid increase in size in a postmenopausal pt, then __ is suggested -benign condition -pregnancy -malignant change -completely normal condition

malignant change

When the placenta is at the edge of the internal os, this is what type of placental previa? -marginal -incomplete -low lying -complete

marginal

A complication of Placental Previa is: -maternal hemorrhage -amniotic band syndrome -late term delivery -pre-eclampsia

maternal hemorrhage

The major role of the placenta is to allow the exchange of oxygenated __________ blood with deoxygenated _______ blood.

maternal; fetal

which of the following is NOT a germ layer found in a cystic teratoma -mesoderm -mectoderm -endoderm -ectoderm

mectoderm

The thymus gland is normally located in the anterior _____________ of the fetus. -cranium -mediastinum -pelvis -abdomen -none of the above

mediastinum

_ refers to pleural effusion and ascites that is associated with fibromas -marfin syndrome -meig's syndrome -stein leventhal syndrome -dandy walker syndrome

meig's syndrome

having a cycle every 28 days and menstruation is termed

menarche

HRT is a type of therapy or drug that can reduce symptoms of _ and often increase endometrial thickness (up to 8 mm)

menopause

when a woman ceases to have a cycle around age 50 it is called

menopause

abnormally heavy or long menses is termed -dysmenorrheal -oligomenorrhea -menorrhagia -amenorrhea

menorrhagia

heavy bleeding is called -menorrhagia -amenorrhea -polymenorrhea -dysmenorrhea

menorrhagia

what is gestational age based on

menstrual age

list the three endometrial or menstrual phases

menstrual, proliferative, secretory

the portion of the broad ligament that encloses the Fallopian tube is termed the: -mesovarium -mesoendometrium -mesofallopian tube -mesosalpinx

mesosalpinx

the portion of the broad ligament that encloses the ovary is termed: -mesosalpinx -mesovulation -mesovarium -mesoendometrium

mesovarium

another term for uterus

metro

what form of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome has no significant weight gain, enlarged ovaries but less than 5 cm diameter

mild OHS

which occurs at week 8 -heartbeat visualized -mineralization of skeleton -major organ systems are established -amnion and chorion should fuse

mineralization of skeleton

what is the name of the pain caused by ovulation -dysovulation -graafian pain -luteinization -mittelschmerz

mittelschmerz

what form of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome has 5-10 pounds weight gain, possible nausea/vomiting and ovaries enlarged to 5-12 cm diameter

moderate OHS

the zygote divides and becomes a _

morula

what 16 cell structure is formed after the zygote undergoes rapid cell division

morula

which epithelial tumor is the second most common -mucinous -serous -endometroid -transitional cell

mucinous

which epithelial tumor occurs in the 3rd to 6th decade -mucinous -endometrioid -clear cell tumor -serous

mucinous

which of the following tumors does pseudomyxoma peritonei occur with -enometroids -serous -clear cell tumors -mucinous

mucinous

this tumor was filed with mucinous material and deemed malignant. The pt was 50 years old -mucinous cystadenocarcinoma -mucinous cystadenoma -serous cystadenoma -serous cystadenocarcinoma

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

a 36 year old female has arrived for a pelvic ultrasound. While scanning, you see a large cystic mass in the pelvic region that measures 27 cm in diameter. It contains several thin septations and low-level echoes caused by mucoid material -mucinous cystadenoma -brenner tumor -serous cystadenocarcinoma -metastatic mass

mucinous cystadenoma

this pt was 34, the tumor measures 28.5 cm. The pt had it removed and it was benign. What is it? -mucinous cystadenoma -serous cystadenocarcinoma -serous cystadenoma -clear cell tumor -brenner tumor -mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

mucinous cystadenoma

is serous cystastendocarcinoma unilocular or multilocular

multilocular

mucinous cystadenocarcinomas look like large, _ cystic masses with echogenic material and papillary projections. These can look similar to serous cystadenocarcinomas

multilocular

serous cystadenocarcinomas are large, _ cystic masses with septations and papillary projections. The walls are thickened and may contain solid echogenic material

multilocular

which layer of the uterus is the muscular layer

myometrium

what are inclusion cysts -corpus luteal cysts -gartner duct cysts -typical follicles -nabothian cysts

nabothian cysts

what type of cysts are frequently seen on the cervix during ultrasound exams -nabothian cysts -nigel's cysts -asherman's cysts -garter's duct cysts

nabothian cysts

During a 32 week OB scan, you measure the AFI and determine that it is 4 cm. Is this within the normal range? -yes -no

no

the amnion is _ and _ (vascular, non vascular, formed from inner blastocyst, or formed from outer blastocyst)

non vascular and formed from inner blastocyst

symptoms of polyps can be -nausa -none -vomiting -severe pain

none

All of the following are sonographic components of a biophysical profile except: -fetal movement -fetal tone -fetal breathing -amniotic fluid -none of the above

none of the above

The encirclement of umbilical cord around the fetal neck is called a: -marginal cord -nuchal cord -true knot -battledore cord

nuchal cord

the sagittal view of the fetal face is obtained whenever possible to demonstrate all of the following except -chin -nasal bone -forehead -lips -nuchal fold

nuchal fold

What term is used to describe a deficiency of amniotic fluid? -hypohydramnios -anhydramnios -polyhydramnios -oligohydramnios

oligohydramnios

a very small amount of amniotic fluid is termed

oligohydramnios

when a female's cycle goes 35 days or longer without a period it is -dysmenorrhea -polymenorrhea -oligomenorrhea -amenorrhea

oligomenorrhea

when a female's cycle goes 35 days or longer without a period it is termed -dysmenorrhea -oligomenorrhea -polymenorrhea -amenorrhea

oligomenorrhea

an immature ovum is termed

oocyte

Define: LVOT

origin of aorta arising from the left ventricle

Define: RVOT

origin of pulmonary trunk arising from right ventricle

Define: OFD

outer edge of occipital to outer edge of frontal

Define: BPD

outer edge of one parietal to inner edge of other

these arteries branch directly off the aorta laterally -ovarian arteries -arcuate arteries -ovarian veins -radial arteries

ovarian arteries

_ is frequently a complication of ovulation induction -endometriosis -peritoneal inclusion cysts -ovarian torsion -ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

you are scanning a 45 year old pt who has had abdominal bloating recently and pain in the pelvic region. The pt has a history of breast cancer. You find this in the right and left adnexal regions and it is hypervascular -Fallopian tube carcinoma -immature teratoma -ovarian mets -thecoma

ovarian mets

a 13-year old female comes into the ER with acute, severe right-sided pain with nausea, vomiting, and fever. The ER physician feels a mass in RLQ and orders an ultrasound to rule out appendicitis. The pt's mother tells you that the pt has had intermittent rt sided pain during the past 2 weeks. Color doppler did not reveal any blood flow and some free fluid was visualized in the cul-de-sac. What is the diagnosis? -endometrioma -ectopic pregnancy -pelvic inflammatory disease -corpus luteal cyst -ovarian torsion

ovarian torsion

which of the following pathologies is an acute abdominal condition that requires prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention -polycystic ovarian syndrome -GTD -ovarian hyperstimulation -ovarian torsion -endometriosis

ovarian torsion

which of the following organs will produce estrogen and progesterone as well as produce ovum -ovary -fallopian tube -uterus -endometrium

ovary

what age group is the highest risk for GTD -over 35 -under 40 -over 30 -under 20

over 35

a normal ovary appears as an _ medium level echogenic structure

ovoid

LH is responsible for -follicle growth -ovulation -onset of puberty -thickening of the endometrium

ovulation

the release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is termed which one of the following -luteinization -menstruation -ovulation -proliferative

ovulation

Define: ductus venousus

oxygenated blood from placenta bypasses liver and enters IVC

diagnosis of this cyst is by demonstrating the normal ipsilateral ovary adjacent to but separate from the cyst -hemorrhagic cyst -follicular cyst -paraovarian cyst -corpus luteum cyst -theca lutein cyst

paraovarian cyst

which of the following cysts are asymptomatic and can only be diagnosed by demonstrating a normal ipsilateral ovary close to but separate from the cyst -paraovarian cyst -theca lutein cysts -endometrioma -peritoneal inclusion cyst

paraovarian cyst

when the Müllerian ducts fail to fuse completely and the result is 1 vagina, 1 cervix, and 2 uterus it is termed -partial bicornuate -didelphys -complete bicornuate -unicornuate -subseptate

partial bicornuate

infertility drug(s) used to induce ovulation

pergonal, metrodin, and clomid

which of the following layers of the uterus is not visualized by ultrasound -myometrium -cervix -perimetrium -endometrium

perimetrium

the ovary was seen in the center of this. The pt had a history of multiple abdominal surgeries and adhesions -paraovarian cyst -pseudomyxoma peritonei -ascites -peritoneal inclusion cyst

peritoneal inclusion cyst

your pt is a 41 year old female who is having US to evaluate a large pelvic mass. The pt has been experiencing pelvic pain for several weeks and history of endometriosis and two abdominal surgeries. During the exam, you find an adnexal multiloculated cystic mass with an intact ovary amongst septations and fluid. The likely diagnosis is: -ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome -ovarian torsion -peritoneal inclusion cyst -paraovarian cyst

peritoneal inclusion cyst

the broad ligament is an extension of the _

peritoneum

what forms the posterior/lateral border of the pelvic cavity

piriformis and coccyges muscles

When the placenta abnormally adheres to the myometrium, this is called: -velamentous placenta -placental accreta -placental previa -placental abruption

placental accreta

A focal discrete lesion of the placenta that is caused by ischemic necrosis would be a: -placental chorioangioma -placental infarct -placental accreta -placental previa

placental infarct

Which of the following conditions is the worst? -placental percreta -placental accreta -placental increta -placental encreta

placental percreta

the most fatal form of PTN is -partial mole -choriocarcinoma -placental site trophoblastic tumor -invasive mole

placental site trophoblastic tumor

which of the following is the rarest -placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) -complete mole -invasive mole -choriocarcinoma

placental site trophoblastic tumor

When assessing an OB patient, not only is it important to determine if multiple fetuses are present, but also the the number of babies and the number of ________________.

placentas

_ is a complex endocrine disorder of abnormal estrogen and androgen production. It results in chronic an ovulation; therefore it is a common cause of infertility and higher-than-usual rate of early pregnancy loss -endometriosis -pelvic inflammatory disease -polycystic ovarian syndrome -ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

polycystic ovarian syndrome

you are scanning a 26 year old female who presents with amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, and hirsutism. What pathology is likely seen? -polycystic ovarian syndrome -ovarian hyperstimulation -corpus luteum cysts -hemorrhagic cysts

polycystic ovarian syndrome

a large amount of amniotic fluid is termed

polyhydramnios

Maternal vessels are located _________ to the placenta. -anterior -posterior

posterior

the rectum and anus are _ to the vagina

posterior

the vagina is _ to the urinary bladder

posterior

the rectouterine space is also known as what -space of retzius -anterior cul-de-sac -pouch of dodd -posterior cul-de-sac

posterior cul-de-sac

this pelvic space is located between the uterus and the rectum/anus -posterior cul-de-sac -anterior cul-de-sac -morrison's pouch -space of retzius

posterior cul-de-sac

which pocket is a common place for fluid to collect within the pelvis -vesicouterine pouch -posterior cul-de-sac -space of retzius -anterior cul-de-sac

posterior cul-de-sac

which pocket is a common place for fluid to collect within the pelvis post ovulation -posterior cul-de-sac -space of retzius -vesicouterine pouch -anterior cul-de-sac

posterior cul-de-sac

typically, adenomyosis is more extensive in the _ of the uterus -posterior wall -anterior wall -fundus -cervical os -all of the above

posterior wall

endometrial carcinoma is most common in which pt's -postmenopausal -premenopausal -women with anovulatory cycles -women with polycystic ovaries

postmenopausal

_ is defined as any vaginal bleeding that occurs in a postmenopausal woman other than the cyclic bleeding that would be expected with HRT

postmenopausal bleeding

the most common clinical sign of endometrial carcinoma in the post menopausal woman is -pelvic pain -postmenopausal uterine bleeding -enlarged uterus -all of the above

postmenopausal uterine bleeding

the posterior cul-de-sac is also called the -pouch of Douglas -pouch of Dodd -pouch of Dennis -pouch of Don't

pouch of Douglas

premenarche is the technical term for

pre-puberty

in which of the following situations might a fibroid normally get larger -loss of estrogen -menopause -pregnancy -loss of its blood supply

pregnancy

what is the decidua

pregnant endometrium

what is the physiologic status of prepuberty

premenarche

in women on HRT, which hormone increases risk of breast cancer -clomid -progesterone -unopposed estrogen -FSH

progesterone

what hormone does the corpus luteum secrete -LH -estrogen -progesterone -FSH

progesterone

if the corpus luteum goes away, what happens next

progesterone levels decline, cycle starts over

endometrial regeneration is occurring during which endometrial phase -proliferative -secretory -follicular -menstrual

proliferative

the endometrium demonstrates the "three-line" sign in which of the following menstrual phases -proliferative -menstrual -luteal -secretory

proliferative

this pt had a tumor on her ovary (in mucinous region), she came to the ER with severe pain, elevated WBC's, and this was found -pelvic inflammatory disease -endometriosis -psuedomyxoma peritonei -none

psuedomyxoma peritonei

what two muscles make up the elevator ani muscle

pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

this ligament runs from the pubic bone to the bladder -round ligament -broad ligament -pubovesical ligament -cardinal ligament

pubovesical ligament

pus in the uterus is _

pyometra

if the result is either positive or negative is that quantitative or qualitative

qualitative

is a urine test quantitative or qualitative

qualitative

if the result provides a specific level of hCG is that quantitative or qualitative

quantitative

is a blood test quantitative or qualitative

quantitative

these arteries travel from the myometrium and are branches off of the arcuate arteries -spiral arteries -radial arteries -ovarian arteries -straight arteries

radial arteries

what occurs during the fetal phase

rapid growth

which of the following is not a typical symptom of Fallopian tube carcinoma -palpable pelvic mass -pain -rectal bleeding -vaginal bleeding

rectal bleeding

which of the following is NOT a muscle located in the true pelvis -rectus abdominis -obturator internus -coccygeus -piriformis

rectus abdominis

Define: fetal presentation

refers to fetal part that is closest to internal cervical os

an IUD on US look highly _ with some shadowing

reflective

If the adrenal glands are "laying down" in the renal fossa, what is indicated? -normal kidneys -renal cysts -renal agenesis -none of the above

renal agenesis

A mother comes in with fever and high WBC. She is post delivery x 1 week. She delivered prematurely. You notice in her uterus a large endometrial mass and it is complex. What do you think it is? -her uterus just hasn't returned to normal yet -retained products of conception -placental hematoma -a twin that did not deliver

retained products of conception

A succenturiate placenta can lead to: -nuchal cord -retained products of conception -fetal demise -an abnormally large fetus

retained products of conception

when the fundus and the body of the uterus are bent backwards toward the cervix, it is called: -anteflexion -anteversion -retroversion -retroflexion

retroflexion

when the entire uterus (including the cervix) is tilted backwards the term used to describe it's position is: -anteversion -anteflexion -retroversion -retroflexion

retroversion

which ovary is more likely to torse

right

Which chamber of the fetal heart is normally located closest to the anterior chest wall? -right atrium -left atrium -left ventricle -right ventricle

right ventricle

what is the "sign" used to describe the doppler flow of a corpus luteum cyst -chorionic ring -halo -ring of light -ring of fire

ring of fire

these ligaments are 3 paired ligaments that help support the uterus -round -broad -mesosalpinx -mesovarium

round

corpus luteum cysts are more likely to _

rupture

what forms the posterior border of the pelvic cavity

sacrum/coccyx and psoas muscles

the cystic component of the dermoid is usually which of the following -blood -saliva -secum -sebum

sebum

what structure is visualized within the gestational sac in the image -primary yolk sac -secondary yolk sac -embryo

secondary yolk sac

which yolk sac is visualized sonographically throughout first trimester

secondary yolk sac

which endometrial phase occurs immediately after ovulation -luteal -menstrual -secretory -proliferative

secretory

which endometrial phase occurs immediately after ovulation -menstrual -secretory -proliferative -luteal

secretory

a very thick endometrium is indicative of which endometrial phase -menstrual phase -proliferative phase -secretory phase -luteal phase

secretory phase

Cord prolapse is -serious -non-serious

serious

of the 5 types of epithelial-stromal cell tumors, which is the most common -endometrioid -transitional cell -mucinous -serous -clear cell

serous

which type of epithelial-stromal cell tumor is the most common -clear cell -serous -mucinous -transitional cell -endometrioid

serous

this is categorized as the most common epithelial ovarian tumor. What is it?

serous cystadenocarcinoma

this was found to be malignant once it was removed. These types of tumors account for 50% of all ovarian neoplasms. The pt had ascites too -mucinous cystadenocarcinoma -clear cell tumor -serous cystadenocarcinoma -endometrioid tumor

serous cystadenocarcinoma

what are the 2 most common ovarian neoplasms

serous cystadenoma, cystic teratomas

list the benign epithelial tumors

serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, transitional cell

which tumor sonographically presents as a solid hypoechoic mass and is also called an androblastoma -sertoli leydig cell tumor -thecoma -granulosa cell tumor -yolk sac tumor

sertoli-leydig cell tumor

this image occurred in a pt that is under 30. When removed you find that it is rare and referred to as an androblastoma -dermoid cyst -sertoli leydig tumor -granulosa cell tumor -yolk sac tumor

sertoli-leydig tumor

ascites and pleural effusions can be associated with which form of OHS -severe -they are not associated -mild -moderate

severe

a 27 year old female presents to the ER with severe pelvic pain and noticeable abdominal distention. The pt mentioned she has been seeing an infertility specialist for treatment. While scanning you see presence of abdominal ascites. What is the likely diagnosis? -moderate OHS -severe OHS -mild OHS -theca lutein cysts -endometrioma

severe OHS

what form of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome has abdominal distention, ovaries greater than 12 cm diameter and severe pelvic pain

severe OHS

Umbilical cord length can have adverse affects on the fetus. Which would cause the fetus to be unable to move? -short cord -long cord

short cord

which of the following would not be a normal sonographic appearance for a gestational sac -round, oval, or teardrop shaped -double decidua sign -intact echogenic border -should be located in mid to lower uterus

should be located in mid to lower uterus

the uterus _ post menopausal (shrinks or gets larger?)

shrinks

Define: ductus arteriosus

shunts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta

Define: foramen ovale

shunts blood from right atrium directly into left atrium

Define: 4-chamber view

single most important view of fetal heart

The most commonly encountered cord abnormality is: -nuchal cord -battledore placenta -true cord knots -single umbilical artery

single umbilical artery

Battledore and Velamentous placental cord attachments are associated with: -maternal hemorrhage -single umbilical artery or 2 vessel cords -large for dates fetus -gestational diabetes

single umbilical artery or 2 vessel cords

the most common primary sites for metastatic ovarian cancer includes all of the following except -breast -skin -endometrial -gastrointestinal

skin

which hormone(s) surge and cause ovulation (2 answers) -GnRH surge -small FSH surge -large FSH surge -LH surge

small FSH surge and LH surge

A fetus with IUGR will probably have a: -very aged placenta -small placenta -large placenta -normal placenta

small placenta

What type of borders should a normal placenta have? -smooth -border cannot be visualized -irregular -rough

smooth

the pelvic recess between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis is which of the following -rectouterine pouch -vesicouterine pouch -space of retzius -anterior cul-de-sac

space of retzius

Obliteration of cisterna magna is common found with which of the following? -down syndrome -rhombencephalon -trisomy 18 -mega-cisterna magna -spina bifida -cavum veli interpositi

spina bifida

What does the thymus parenchyma contain that helps distinguish it sonographically from the lungs?

spindle-shaped echogenicites

which syndrome consists of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism -reyes syndrome -leriches syndrome -stein leventhal syndrome

stein-leventhal syndrome

these arteries feed the endometrium of the uterus -radial arteries -arcuate arteries -straight/spiral arteries -ovarian arteries

straight/spiral arteries

which leiomyoma distorts or displaces endometrium as it projects into uterine cavity

submucosal leiomyoma

when the uterine cavities (endometrium) is duplicated in the uterine horns only it is termed -subseptate -unicornuate -septate -arcuate

subseptate

which leiomyoma arises from the perimetrium/myometrium and projects exophysically

subserosal leiomyoma

An accessory placenta that is connected to the main body by vessels is termed: -battledore placenta -circummvallate placenta -succenturiate placenta -velamentous placenta

succenturiate placenta

Define: head circumference

taken around outer edge of skull

drug used in combination with chemo/radiation/surgery to reduce return of breast cancer

tamoxifen

a dermoid plug typically contains _, _, or _

teeth, hair, or fat

PTN can uncommonly occur sometimes after normal what -menstrual cycle -term delivery -GTD -all of the above

term delivery

The biparietal diameter measurement is taken at which level or view? What brain structure should be seen?

thalamic view

when is the endometrium the thinnest -the beginning of menstrual phase -the end of menstrual phase -end of secretory phase -end of secretory phase

the end of menstrual phase

what is the fetal phase

the final weeks of the first trimester (weeks 11 and 12)

a 27 year old female comes to the imaging department for a pelvic exam to determine if she has an IUP. She presents with nausea and vomiting x2 weeks. Her lab report shoes high levels of hCG. The US reveals large, multiloculated cysts bilaterally. What is represented? -endometriomas -theca lutein cysts -peritoneal inclusion cysts -follicular cysts

theca-lutein cysts

this tumor was found in a post menopausal woman with increased estrogen levels. She is NOT taking HRT's -thecoma -fibroma -yolk sac tumor -granulosa cell tumor

thecoma

thecomas and fibromas can be difficult to distinguish between, but _ tumors will often exhibit clinical signs of estrogen production

thecomas

all of the following are criteria for a simple cyst except: -posterior acoustic enhancement -thin smooth walls -thick irregular walls -anechoic -none of the above

thick irregular walls

Which of the following describes the sono appearance of a normal fetal diaphragm? -thick, hypoechoic, arched-line separating the abdomen from the chest -thin, hypoechoic, arched-line separating abdomen from chest -thin, hyperechoic, arched-line separating abdomen from chest -thick, hyperechoic, arched-line separating the abdomen from chest

thin, hypoechoic, arched-line separating abdomen from chest

Ossification in the fetal spine begins in the ____________ section. -cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral -none of the above

thoracic

when a mixture of matted hair and sebum produces acoustic shadowing that obscures the posterior wall of the lesion as seen, it is called the _ sign -tip of the iceberg -wall echo -dermoid mesh -dermoid plug

tip of the iceberg

what is gestational age used for

to date pregnancy

Why is it important to identify adrenal glands separate from the kidneys?

to ensure that renal agenesis has not occured

Why is it mandatory to image the fetal top lip?

to ensure there is no cleft palate

Why is it important to confirm the fetal stomach is on the left?

to rule out associated heterotaxy syndromes

what is the most common complication of a cystic teratoma -malignant transformation -torsion -rupture and hemorrhage -metastatic spread -none

torsion

A nuchal fold measurement greater than 6 mm between 15 and 21 weeks is associated most commonly with _______________. -trisomy 21 -trisomy 18 -meckel-gruber syndrome -trisomy 13 -truner's syndrome

trisomy 21

what secretes hCG to extend the life of the corpus luteum

trophoblastic cells

(T or F) a postmenopausal pt who has a mass and ovarian torsion is more likely to have a malignancy

true

(T or F) a pt has arrived for her first OB ultrasound. According to her lab results, the hCG level is 1980 mIU/mL. During the trans abdominal scan, you are unable to visualize an intrauterine gestational sac. You should look for a possible ectopic pregnancy

true

(T or F) an acute hemorrhagic cyst usually appears hyper echoic and may resemble a solid mass

true

(T or F) endometrial carcinoma is painful

true

(T or F) serous cystadenocarcinoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma can have a similar sono appearance with multiloculations, papillary projections, and echogenic material

true

(T or F) the amniotic cavity expands and fills the chorionic cavity, this should complete by week 16

true

(T or F) the embryos initial heartbeat occurs at 6 weeks

true

(T or F) with endometriosis, the ectopic endometrial tissue proliferates and bleeds on a cyclic basis

true

True or False: A fluid-filled stomach can be used to demonstrate an intact left diaphragm. -true -false

true

True or False: A transvaginal scan may be performed if placenta previa is suspected or if the cervix is abnormally short. -true -false

true

True or False: After 16 weeks, renal function becomes the major source of amniotic fluid. -true -false

true

True or False: Biophysical profile was designed to detect fetal hypoxemia. -true -false

true

True or False: By week 11, the kidneys begin to produce urine. -true -false

true

True or False: Four fetal measurements are taken to assess the gestational age and fetal weight. These four measurements are femur length, BPD, abdominal circumference, and head circumference. -true -false

true

True or False: The 3 standard views of the fetal brain are thalamic, ventricular, and cerebellar. -true -false

true

True or False: The atrium of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle is considered the landmark for measuring the lateral ventricle. -true -false

true

True or False: The best time to sonograpically evaluate the fetal heart is between 18 to 24 weeks. -true -false

true

True or False: The brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery help differentiate the aortic arch from the ductal arch. -true -false

true

True or False: Typically, the stomach will fill within a 30 minute exam. -true -false

true

what pelvic cavity contains the pelvic organs -retroperitoneum -false pelvis -true pelvis -space of retzius

true pelvis

the cortex or lining of the ovary is termed -medulla -tunica albuginea -germinal epithelium -tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea

when ultrasound is used to guide an infertility doctor to retrieve ovum from the ovary this is termed

ultrasound guided ovum retrieval

If a knot causes stasis of blood in the cord it can lead to: -umbilical vein thrombosis -umbilical vein rupture -single umbilical artery -umbilical artery aneurysm

umbilical vein thrombosis

is a coexistent mole common or uncommon

uncommon

with a brenner tumor, a cystic component is _ -always present -uncommon finding -common finding -never present

uncommon finding

is a corpus luteal cyst unilateral or bilateral

unilateral

is a paraovarian cyst unilateral or bilateral

unilateral

is ovarian torsion unilateral or bilateral

unilateral

which of the following is NOT a cause of endometritis -pelvic inflammatory disease -post partum -unopposed estrogen -D&C

unopposed estrogen

which of the following will increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial cancer in a postmenopausal woman -cyclic progesterone -unopposed progesterone -cyclic estrogen -unopposed estrogen

unopposed estrogen

what size can nabothian cysts be

up to 4 cm

the ovary receives its primary blood supply from which two of the following arteries -external iliac -uterine -internal iliac -ovarian

uterine and ovarian

the morula will leave the Fallopian tube to enter into where -uterine cavity -corpus luteum -blastocyst -endometrium

uterine cavity

a pt that has an AV malformation will be treated most likely with which of the following procedures -uterine embolization -D&C procedure -blood transfusion -hysterectomy -none

uterine embolization

If the myometrium is less than 3 mm in the lower uterine segment, then the myometrium should be assessed, because this patient is at risk for ___________. -endometriosis -uterine rupture -ectopic pregnancy -adenomyosis -none of the above

uterine rupture

the endocervix is the part of the cervix that communicates with the _ by the internal os -external cervix -uterus -vagina -fallopian tube

uterus

the internal os is part of the cervical canal that is closest to the: -myometrium -uterus -endometrium -vagina

uterus

the exocervix is continuous with which of the following -vaginal fornix -vagina -endometrium -uterus

vagina

which of the following could be a reason that a postmenopausal woman has large amounts of fluid in her endometrium (3 answers) -vaginal atresia -malignancy -cervical stenosis from radiation -imperforate hymen

vaginal atresia, malignancy, and cervical stenosis from radiation

what is the the upper part of the vagina that is sutured shut during a hysterectomy that may look like a mass sonographically

vaginal cuff

the chorion is _ and _ (vascular, non vascular, formed from inner blastocyst, or formed from outer blastocyst)

vascular and formed from outer blastocyst

The umbilical __________ transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. -vein -arteries

vein

A _______________ insertion is when the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) and the vessels travel between the membranes to the placenta.

velamentous cord

An umbilical cord that is attached to the membranes of the placenta, rather than deep into the placenta is termed: -battledore placenta -velamentous placenta -succenturate placenta -circumvallate placenta

velamentous placenta

All of the following are possible fetal presentations except: -cephalic -breech -variable -transverse -vernix -none of the above

vernix

Amniotic fluid is measured using the __________ of the fluid pocket. -width -vertical depth -all the above

vertical depth

if PTN does not metastasize what is its prognosis

very good prognosis with 100% remission

another name for the anterior cul-de-sac is -vesicouterine pouch -pouch of douglas -space of retzius -rectouterine pouch

vesicouterine pouch

during what week does a primitive uteroplacental circulation develop -week 4 -week 5 -week 6 -week 7

week 4

during what week does the primitive gut develop -week 4 -week 5 -week 6 -week 8

week 4

in what week does placental development begin -week 4 -week 5 -week 6 -week 7

week 4

the neural tube develops at what week -4 -5 -6 -7 to 8

week 4

when is the embryo a bilaminar disk -week 4 -week 5 -week 6 -week 7

week 4

during what week does the embryo become a trilaminar disk -week 4 -week 5 -week 6 -week 10

week 5

fetal lung buds will develop by -week 4 -week 5 -week 6 -week 8

week 5

by what week has the neurotube become a primitive embryonic brain -week 4 -week 5 -week 6 -week 7

week 6

what weeks is considered the most critical phase of human development -4 to 5 -5 to 8 -6 to 10 -12 to 14

weeks 6 to 10

the embryo forms limb buds at what week(s) -weeks 4 to 5 -weeks 5 to 6 -weeks 7 to 8 -weeks 9 to 10

weeks 7 to 8

all of the following are considered characteristics that indicate malignancy in a cystic lesion except: -solid, echogenic elements -well defined borders -thick septations -irregular, thick walls -irregular septations

well-defined borders

What is the name of the substance that surrounds the umbilical vessels and supports the cord?

wharton's jelly

what is a coexistent mole

when a normal fetus is adjacent to a normal placenta which is also adjacent to an abnormal placenta

4

which image shows a complete septate uterus

2

which image shows a partial bicornuate uterus

1

which image shows an arcuate uterus

which of the following is NOT someone endometrial polyps are usually found in -premenopausal women -postmenopausal women -women with anovulatory cycle -all of the above

women with anovulatory cycle

while scanning an OB pt, you notice a midgut herniation extending into the base of the umbilical cord. According to first day of LMP, the pregnancy is in the 15th week. Which of the following should be done by you? -write that it appears abnormal -write on the worksheet that it is possibly normal vs. pathology -write nothing at all -write on the worksheet that it appears normal

write on the worksheet that is possibly normal vs. pathology

You are measuring the amniotic fluid on a 34 week gestation. The amniotic fluid in the single largest pocket measured 3 cm. Is this within the normal range? -no -yes

yes

sonographic visualization and identification of a _ within an early gestational sac is diagnostic of IUP -double bleb sign -yolk sac -embryonic disk -vitelline duct

yolk sac

what is the small echogenic circular structure called

yolk sac

which of the following does the amnion not cover -umbilical cord -insertion site into the embryo -yolk sac

yolk sac

this pt presented with increased levels of AFP in her bloodstream. The pt is 19 years old and when the tumor was removed it was malignant. The life expectancy for this is not good -dysgerminoma -yolk sac tumor -immature teratoma -granulosa cell tumor

yolk sac tumor

which malignant germ cell tumor is rare with a poor prognosis, typically affects women under 20 years of age, and causes increased levels of AFP -yolk sac tumor -dysgerminoma -immature teratoma -granulosa cell tumor

yolk sac tumor

what parts fuse to become the umbilical cord

yolk stalk and vitelline duct

if pregnancy occurs hog will be produced by what structure -pituitary gland -endometrium -zygote -ovary

zygote

if pregnancy occurs, hCG will be produced by what structure

zygote

what is formed from the union of an egg and sperm

zygote


Set pelajaran terkait

Methods of Instruction for Students with Disabilities

View Set

Personal Finance Midterm Chapters 1-6

View Set

CLC - Managerial Accounting Exam 2 (ch.6)

View Set