Chapter 11 Test

Who attack who?

500 of the confederacy attacked the 80 of the union

What did the Gettysburg Address help Americans to realize?

Abraham Lincoln helped the nation realize that it was a single nation, not just a collection of states

Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson became president as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Charleston Harbor in South Carolina.

April 12-13, 1861

John Wilkes Booth

Assassinated President Lincoln

Why is the Battle of Fort sumter remembered?

Because it was the first battle in the Civil War.

Why did the Battle of Fort Sumter happen?

Because the South states seceded from the union. they considered themselves independent.

Bull Run

First battle of the CW (First Battle of Manassas) Confederate victory- Union retreated

What was Sherman's goal in his march to the sea? What tactics did he use to accomplish that goal?

Goal: to destroy the will of Southerners to fight Tactics: engage in total war; destroy civilian property; live off the land

Why was Fort Sumter important

Had the confederacy not attacked Fort Sumter there is a chance that the Confederate States would still exist today, although by now slavery would most likely have been abolished anyway in the south.

Antietam

In Maryland Confeds divided and the Union decided to attack the army McClellan decided not to attack at 4:00 and wait to do so in the morning (lost chance at ending the war) Union victory: kept Britain and France from supporting the South 1) bloodiest day in American history 2) McClellen is demoted

Why is Gettysburg considered a turning point in the war?

It crippled the South so badly that it would never recover from the loss; shattered Southern morale

New weapons/technology used during the Civil War.

Many weapons were used in the The Civil War from knives to swords along with a variety of firearms, including rifles, pistols, muskets, and repeating weapons. Also widely used was artillery including cannons.

How many people lost their lives

Nobody died during the battle. The only thing that died during the battle was a confederate horse.

Copperhead

Northern Democrat who advocated making peace with the Confederacy during the Civil War

Legacy of the Civil War on the US.

On April 9, 1865, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union forces at Appomattox, putting an end to the bloodiest war in American history. Now, 150 years after Lee's surrender, five historians and authors lead the conversation about the Civil War's end during legacy.

Emancipation Proclamation

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

Fort Pillow

Site of Confederate massacre of more than 200 African American war prisoners

What happened after the battle

South Carolina demanded that the U.S. army abandon Fort Sumter, which was refused. When the ultimate deadline passed, an artillery happened, lasting until the fort was surrendered. Once the Confederates had fired, full-scale war quickly followed after.

What was Grant's overall strategy for defeating Lee's army? What tactics did he use?

Strategy: to destroy Lee's army in Virginia while Sherman raided Georgia Tactics: attack constantly; engage in total war (against civilians, as well as the military)

What were the North's terms of surrender? Why were they so generous to the South?

Terms: Lee's soldiers paroled and sent home with their personal possessions, horses, and food rations; officers permitted to keep their sidearms Reason: Lincoln didn't want a vindictive peace.

Anaconda Plan

The Anaconda Plan is the name applied to an outline strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two.

What did the Union accomplish by capturing Vicksburg and Port Hudson?

The Confederacy was cut in two.

Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States. As Commanding General, Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union General who marched through Georgia, destroying everything the Georgians owned in the process.

Clara Barton

Union nurse Angel of the battlefield

Vicksburg

Union victory in Mississippi

Commanders for both

Union: Major Robert Anderson Confederates: Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard

What did the Confederacy win at Chancellorsville? What did it lose?

Won the battle; lost Stonewall Jackson

Robert Anderson

a United States Army officer during the American Civil War. To many, he was a hero who defied the Confederacy and upheld Union honor in the first battle of the American Civil War at Fort Sumter in April 1861.

Gettysburg Address

a famous speech delivered by President Lincoln , Nov. 1863 at the dedication of a national cemetery, site of the Battle of Gettysburg, captured the spirit of liberty and morality ideals held by citizens of a democracy; the ideals were threatened by the Civil War, equated the war to a "birth of a new freedom"

George McClellan

a major general during the American Civil War. Nicknamed "Young Napoleon" and "Little Mac," he twice was commander of Army of the Potomac, the Union's largest army, and fought as general-in-chief of the Union Army until being removed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862.

US Sanitation Commission

a private relief agency created by federal legislation on June 18, 1861, to support sick and wounded soldiers of the U.S. Army during the American Civil War.

Total Warfare

a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.

David G. Farragut

avid Farragut (1801-70) was an accomplished U.S. naval officer, who received great acclaim for his service to the Union during the American Civil War (1861-65). Farragut commanded the Union blockade of Southern ports, helped capture the the Confederate city of New Orleans and provided support for General Ulysses S. Grant's siege of Vicksburg. Farragut is best known for his victory at the Battle of Mobile Bay in August 1864, during which he commanded his fleet to ignore Confederate defenses in the harbor, famously proclaiming "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!"

Appomattox Court House

famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant

Gettysburg

most violent battle of the Civil War, frequently cited as the war's turning point, 3 day battle 1863.

3.)

north had an existing political culture

2.)

north had superior political leadership: lincoln, jefferson davis

6.)

policy of emancipation, south lost their will

Primary reasons why the Union/North won the war. 1.)

recourses and numbers, industrialization: gun factories/productive/railroads of the north>south, tactics, south dependent on the north

Income Tax

tax that takes a percentage of an individual's income

4.)

union government succeeds in keeping great britain out of the war

5.)

union government succeeds in keeping great britain out of the war

Where was The Battle of Fort Sumter

Charleston Harbor in South Carolina.

7.)

Civilians behind the war, south didn't have enough nationalism

Chancellorsville

Confederate victory in Virginia

The Battle of Fort Sumter Results

Confederate victory, Beginning of the American Civil War

Andersonville

Confederate war camp

Writ of habeas corpus

Court order that says that a person who is jailed has to appear before the court to determine why he or she is being jailed

Thirteenth Amendment

Declared all slaves free

Conscription

Drafting of civilians to serve in the army