Chapter 12

Between 1833 and 1840, about how many northerners joined abolitionist groups?

100,000

Which was not an aspect of cooperative Shaker settlements?

Dancing was not allowed in Shaker settlements.

A chief endeavor of black abolitionists was the call for freed blacks to travel to Africa to live in peace and freedom.

False

Abolitionists did not believe so much in "moral suasion" as in the violent overthrow of the slave power and insurrection by slaves themselves.

False

According to Frederick Douglass, the heritage of the American Revolution and the founding fathers had nothing to offer blacks.

False

As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted the idea that schools were training free individuals, which he believed meant people who might follow any desire they had, from hedonism to zoology.

False

As a group, Irish immigrants were one of the biggest supporters of the temperance movement.

False

As they were committed to the separation of the sexes, Shaker communities admitted only men.

False

Brook Farm was a vibrant, successful, and active community for more than a century.

False

By 1860, tax-supported school systems for children had been established in every state.

False

Dancing was forbidden in Shaker settlements.

False

Dorothea Dix was a leading advocate of abolitionism.

False

First and foremost, Abbey Kelley was a tariff reform activist.

False

Harriet Beecher Stowe was most famous for running the Underground Railroad.

False

Many northern women were inspired and transformed by the abolitionist message, but few played an active role in spreading it.

False

More than 1 million northerners became abolitionists during the 1830s.

False

Most African-Americans strongly supported settlement of themselves and other blacks in Africa (as a means to escape southern slavery).

False

Overall, the reform movement focused on improving the moral character of Americans; it made little effort to improve their material conditions.

False

Shakers practiced sexual polygamy as part of their religious beliefs.

False

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by Lucretia Mott.

False

William Lloyd Garrison was most remembered for his book Uncle Tom's Cabin.

False

Which of the following was not a feature of the emergent American feminism of the 1840s?

Feminist leaders like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott confined their focus to the quest for suffrage; for them, demands for equality in other areas seemed trivial by comparison.

Which was not a chief endeavor of black abolitionists?

They called for freed blacks to travel to Africa to live in peace and freedom.

Which of the following is not true of the utopian communities of the 1820s, '30s, and '40s?

They differed little in their systems of labor, gender relations, and internal governance.

"Perfectionism" is the view that social ills once considered unable to be cured could now be eradicated.

True

"Shakers" got their name because they were similar in their faith beliefs to Quakers but danced in a shaking manner as part of their religious services.

True

Abby Kelley was one of the foremost female orators in the country during her time.

True

Advocates of moral reform encountered widespread indifference or opposition on the part of those they were trying to reform.

True

American reform efforts during the 1820s and 1830s raised and addressed a variety of issues, such as alcoholism, crime, prison life, illiteracy, labor conditions, women's rights, and slavery.

True

As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted the idea that universal public education would encourage the good of society by bringing children of all economic classes together in a common learning experience.

True

Disagreement over the role of women in antislavery campaigns contributed to a major split in the abolitionist movement.

True

Horace Mann believed that freedom could derive only from self-discipline and self-control.

True

In the absence of a strong national government, American social and political activity was organized through voluntary associations such as churches, fraternal societies, and political clubs.

True

The Liberty Bell took its name not from eighteenth-century American Revolutionaries, but instead, from nineteenth-century abolitionists.

True

The founders of Brook Farm envisioned a harmonious blend of physical labor, intellectual work, and leisure.

True

The suppression of abolitionism provoked broad outrage among northerners, including many who had little compassion for the plight of slaves.

True

Though women could not vote in the early-nineteenth-century United States, they did circulate petitions, march in parades, and deliver public lectures on a variety of topics.

True

The region of the United States that came to be known as the "burned-over district" as a consequence of the many religious revivals that flourished there in the early nineteenth century was:

Upstate New York and northern Ohio.

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by:

William Lloyd Garrison.

Which of the following was not a distinguishing feature of the new abolitionism of the 1830s?

a conviction that if abolition was not soon achieved by "moral suasion," then violent measures would become necessary

The American Colonization Society called for:

a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

Which of the following was not true of race relations within the abolitionist movement?

a spirit of courage and defiance in the face of broad, often violent hostility

The nineteenth-century view that there should be an immediate end to slavery and incorporation of freed persons into the republic as equal citizens is called:

abolitionism.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

founding of American Colonization Society; establishment of Liberia; William Lloyd Garrison's Thoughts on African Colonization

Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts school teacher, was the leading proponent of:

more humane treatment of the insane.

The number of voluntary reform communities established in the decades before the Civil War that historians often call "utopian" communities—such as the Oneidan, Owenite, or Fourierist communities—numbered about:

one hundred.

Which of the following was not an area of public activism open to women during the 1830s and '40s?

political party conventions

The 1836 "gag rule":

prohibited consideration of petitions calling for emancipation in the House of Representatives.

American reform efforts during the 1820s and 1830s:

raised and addressed a variety of issues, such as alcoholism, crime, prison life, illiteracy, labor conditions, women's rights, and slavery.

As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted all of the following views except that:

schools were training free individuals, which he believed meant people who might follow any desire they had, from hedonism to zoology.

Which was not among the institutional asylums built during the 1830s and 1840s?

settlement houses in cities

The richly diverse voluntary associations that developed in early-nineteenth-century United States included all of the following except societies to:

shorten the hours of labor for farmers to eight in a day.

"Perfectionism" was (is) the view that:

social ills once considered unable to be cured could be eradicated.

Beginning in 1816, the American Colonization Society:

wished both to abolish slavery and send American blacks to Africa.

Which was not a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities?

Individualism and anarchy were watchwords at New Harmony.

Which was not true of Brook Farm?

It functioned as a vibrant community for a half-century.

The Liberty Bell took on its name—previously it had been known as the Old State House Bell—after:

abolitionists adopted it as a symbol of their cause for abolishing slavery.

At Oneida, founded in 1848 in New York State, John Humphrey Noyes did away with private property and developed the idea of "complex marriage." "Complex marriage" at Oneida meant:

any man and any woman could have sexual relations at any time so long as the relationship was mutual and was recorded in a public record book.

Which was not a movement Abby Kelley was associated with?

tariff reform

At the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention in New York, Elizabeth Cady Stanton modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on:

the Declaration of Independence.