Chapter 12

Which of the following statements about color vision is NOT true?

Cone cells use different retinal molecules to absorb different wavelengths of light.

Which of the following correctly describes the distribution of rods and cones in the retina?

Cones are more highly concentrated in the fovea centralis

Which of the following statements explains why vision is less sharp in dim light than in bright light?

Many rods converge on a single ganglion.

With regard to dynamic equilibrium and static equilibrium, we can say that ________.

Receptors in the semicircular canals are responsible for dynamic equilibrium, and receptors in the vestibule are responsible for static equilibrium.

As a generalization, which of the following can we correctly say about photoreceptors?

Rods detect dim light and cones detect color.

Which of the following statements about photoreception is true?

The brain combines signals from the different types of cone cells to differentiate the colors of the visible spectrum.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The photoreceptors are on the innermost layer (the layer closest to the center) of the retina...This statement is false. The photoreceptors are on the outermost layer (the layer closest to the outside) of the nervous or sensory retina.

What do the receptors in the skin for light touch and the receptors in the nose for smell have in common?

They both adapt very quickly.

The olfactory bulb is __________.

an area of the brain where olfactory receptor cells synapse with other neurons

Ménière's syndrome is a condition in which __________.

an individual suffers from dizziness and hearing loss

Whether a sound is interpreted by the brain as a higher or lower pitch is determined by the ________.

anatomy of the basilar membrane...The pitch of the sound is determined by where on the basilar membrane that pitch is perceived.

Which of the following is/are involved in focusing light?

both lens and cornea

Which of the following can be corrected with corrective lenses?

both myopia and hyperopia

Which of the following are NOT found among the somatosensory receptors?

chemoreceptors

Which part of the ear generates impulses for sound?

cochlea

Which of the following is an inherited disorder?

color blindness

The eye acts like a camera. Which structure or structures bend(s) the light coming into the eye so that clear, camera-like vision can be achieved?

cornea and lens

Which of the following correctly traces the path of light through the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

Which of the following sequences represents the pathway by which sound waves travel through the ear?

external auditory canal, eardrum, oval window, cochlea...Sound waves are received in the external auditory canal in the outer ear, pass through the eardrum to the middle ear, move through the oval window to the inner ear, and finally move to the cochlea.

True or false. The lens is the only structure in the vertebrate eye that focuses light onto the retina.

false....Both the cornea and the lens focus light onto the retina.

The _____ is the region of the eye where photoreceptors are most highly concentrated.

fovea....Photoreceptors are most highly concentrated in the region of the retina known as the fovea.

The place on the eye where we find the greatest visual acuity, and thus the place we "use" when we need to focus on details, is the ________.

fovea...The fovea is the place of greatest visual acuity and is thus the point we use to focus on details.

Which part of the eye contains the densest concentration of cone cells?

fovea...The fovea, located in the center of the retina, has the densest concentration of cone cells and is the region of highest visual acuity.

Which of the following will regulate the amount of light entering the eye?

iris

Pain receptors adapt slowly or not at all because __________.

lack of adaptation is important to survival...Pain serves as an important warning, or notification that something is wrong.

The _____ changes shape to focus light on the retina.

lens....By changing the shape of the lens the eye can bend light rays such that they focus on the retina.

Somatic sensations originate from receptors that are located in __________ of the body, and the special senses originate from receptors that are located in __________ of the body.

many areas; particular regions

Muscle spindles are __________.

mechanoreceptors...Mechanoreceptors can detect stretch.

Amplifying the sound waves is the primary function of which part of the ear?

middle ear...Sound waves are received in the outer ear, amplified in the middle ear, and transmitted to the fluid of the inner ear.

The structure of the inner ear that converts pressure waves to impulses is the __________.

organ of Corti

Which of the following would most readily be treated with antibiotics?

otitis media

What name is given to the opening that allows light into the interior of the eye?

pupil...The pupil is the opening in the iris that lets light into the interior of the eye.

A more powerful stimulus will __________.

result in both activation of more receptors and more frequent action potentials

The photoreceptors of the eye are __________.

rods and cones

What name is given to the tough layer that forms the "white" of the eye?

sclera...The sclera is the tough outer layer that forms the white of the eye.

Receptor adaptation results when __________.

sensory neurons stop sending action potentials

Stereocilia are embedded in a gelatinous structure known as the ________.

tectorial membrane

Different-pitched sounds will result in stimulation of receptors located in different regions of __________.

the cochlea

When we adjust our head and eye position to carefully look at something, we are directing the image to focus on __________.

the macula

Conduction deafness would most likely be caused by damage to __________.

the malleus, incus, and/or stapes

Rhodopsin is __________.

the photopigment found in rods.... Rhodopsin is very sensitive to light and is found in rods.

Receptors are classified according to __________.

the type of stimulus energy they convert

Texting while driving involves which of the following distractions?

visual, cognitive, and manual

The optic disc is the area of the eye __________.

where the optic nerve exits