Chapter 12 - Biology Sensory Mechanisms Homework

Whereas the sense of taste is based on ________ (how many?) classes of taste receptors, the sense of smell has over ________ (how many?) different receptors for chemicals associated with odor

5, 1,000

Condition resulting from irregularities in the shape of the lens or cornea; symptoms include blurred vision

Astigmatism

Vibration of the ________ bends hairs of the hair cells, which ultimately generate impulses in

Basilar membrane, sensory neurons

Condition that results from a decrease in the normal transparency of the lens

Cataracts

Allow a person to taste food

Chemoreceptors

Which of the following sequences represents the path by which sound waves travel through the ear?

External auditory canal, eardrum, oval window, cochlea

The _____ is the region of the eye where photoreceptors are most highly concentrated

Fovea

Condition caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemn; increased amount of aqueous humor caused increased pressure in the eye; may lead to blindness

Glaucoma

During eye examinations, a test is done to monitor the pressure within the eye. This test is done to detect

Glaucoma

Location of the auditory nerve

Inner ear

Site of the vestibular canal and tympanic canal

Inner ear

Nearsightedness and farsightedness are caused by the

Length of the eyeball

The _____ changes shape to focus light on the retina

Lens

Detect light touch of skin

Mechanoreceptors

Air-filled chamber in temporal bone containing three small bones

Middle ear

Mechanoreceptors specifically designed to monitor muscle length are termed

Muscle spindles

Distant objects appear out of focus because the eyeball is longer than normal; also known as nearsightedness

Myopia

Chronic disorder of the inner ear; symptoms include nausea, dizziness, and loss of hearing

Ménière's syndrome

Inflammation of the middle ear; a common cause of earaches

Otitis media

These are like little rocks in the inner ear that shift in response to gravity or linear acceleration

Otoliths

Sound waves moving through this area hit tympanic membrane

Outer ear

Respond to tissue damage

Pain receptors

Respond to light

Photoreceptors

Condition that generally occurs after age 40 as the lens stiffens; results in the inability to focus on objects that are nearby

Presbyopia

What name is given to the opening that allows light into the interior of the eye?

Pupil

Some sensory receptors stop sending action potentials even though the original stimulus persists. This is known as which one of the following?

Receptor adaptation

A more powerful stimulus will

Result in both activation of more receptors and more frequent action potentials

The photoreceptors of the eye are

Rods and cones

What name is given to the tough layer that forms the "white" of the eye?

Sclera

This organ is ideally positioned for receiving different kinds of information about the external environment

Skin

Which of the following statements about the human ear is true?

The brain interprets input from different regions of the basilar membrane as different pitches

When we adjust our head and eye position to carefully look at something, we are directing the image to focus on

The macula

Receptors are classified according to __________

The type of stimulus energy they convert

True or false. Sound waves that enter the human ear are transmitted in fluid only in the inner ear

True

Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?

Upper part of nasal passages