Chapter 12: Family

Recent trends in marriages between people from different races or ethnic groups indicate a:

a. growing acceptance of exogamy.

According to research in Dalton Conley's The Pecking Order (2004), how does the average income of daughters raised by stay-at-home mothers compare to that of daughters of working moms? The daughters of stay-at-home mothers are:

a. less likely to earn as much as their brothers.

Phillipe Aries wrote that children of preindustrial families were:

a. thought of as small adults who didn't warrant any special treatment or nurturing.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history? The traditional family:

a. was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and in broader historical view, seems almost unusual.

About how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the United States?

a. 2 years

The Soron family consists of a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and their children. A sociologist might see the Soron family as statistically interesting, because this family type represents about ________ of today's U.S. families.

a. 6 percent

A TV director pitches the idea of remaking The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, but with African American characters. An African American producer says, "This is a terrible idea! That family never could have been black!" Why was the traditional family depicted in The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet never a reality for African American families?

a. African American women have always had to combine work and family.

Which of the following characterized the preindustrial family?

a. Husbands and wives were partners in both homemaking and economic labor.

Melissa keeps a poster showing the Victorian feminine domestic ideal in her dorm room. She says she loves imagining the past when women's worlds were at home and women supported each other in child rearing. Melissa enjoys imagining the:

a. cult of domesticity.

Gausa has fallen in love with Niso, a man who is outside her ethnic group. Her family shames her and convinces her to marry Xhoso, a man within her group. Gausa is following her ethnic group's rule of:

a. endogamy.

If Jerome won't have a relationship with someone who lives in his dormitory, which he jokingly refers to as "dorm-cest," he is practicing the rule known as:

a. exogamy.

The ________ theory of the family, developed by Talcott Parsons, argues that nuclear families are necessary for child rearing and fulfilling society's need for productive workers.

a. functionalist

Amy and her husband Seamus both work. Outside working hours, Amy does most of the housework and Seamus serves on the local city council. Sarah Fenstermaker Berk, who studies family role formation, has called the family a:

b. "gender factory."

Who wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963)?

b. Betty Friedan

Journalist Barbara Ehrenreich traveled around the country to study firsthand what it was like to "get by" working low-wage jobs. Which of the following is true about her experiences?

b. Even with only herself to support and juggling two or more jobs, she could not afford to live off her wages.

In the 1960s, many social scientists, including Daniel Patrick Moynihan, viewed the strong role held by women in many African American families as:

b. a detrimental characteristic that undermined men's roles in the family and caused all sorts of social problems.

Which of the following factors contributed to the development of the ideal of the traditional family (male breadwinner and female homemaker) in post-World War II America?

b. an increase in real wages

In her native country of India, Malina's family would have insisted that she marry someone of a similar ethnicity and social class. Her family has immigrated to the United States, and though her family disapproves, Malina marries a Hawaiian man she has fallen in love with. Her choice reflects her preference for the U.S. marriage rule of:

b. exogamy.

Grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins who live together in a multigenerational household are considered a(n) ________ family.

b. extended

In his book The Marriage-Go-Round: The State of Marriage and the Family in America Today (2009), sociologist Andrew Cherlin proposes that America's "love-hate" relationship with marriage stems from the:

b. fact that Americans are individualistic and evaluate their marriages in personal terms.

Rodney and Tina are a married couple with children. They split up work, chores, and childcare, and they feel the balance is pretty much equal. Sociologist Barbara Risman calls this a(n) ________ family.

b. fair

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski (1913) examined the family structure of nontraditional cultures and settled a long-standing debate when he concluded that:

b. family is a universal human institution.

Though she has a husband, children, and adequate income, a housewife feels lost, aimless, and sad. She doesn't have a name for what she feels. If you were to interpret the housewife's experience through Betty Friedan's framework, you'd say the housewife is experiencing the:

b. feminine mystique.

John and Monique are married. Both of their parents live with them, as does John's sister and brother-in-law and some nieces and nephews. This is known as a ________ network.

b. kinship

James has had four wives, but this is legal in the United States because he was married to only one at a time. This legality reflects a rule of:

b. monogamy.

John has two wives because his society allows:

b. polygyny

In families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can best be described as:

b. the domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work.

It is difficult to make generalizations about Latino families in the United States because:

b. their origins and geography are so diverse

Which of the following was a motivation of the welfare reforms of 1996?

b. to promote self-sufficiency and personal responsibility

In the Na culture of China, a little boy grows up very close to one of his male relatives. Everyone expects a strong degree of influence between this man and the child. This role model male relative is the boy's:

b. uncle.

Structural changes brought on by industrialization in the United States meant that families changed from "grapevine" forms to:

c. "beanpoles."

Amy is a married woman with children. She and her partner Alan both work full-time jobs. When they come home, Amy makes dinner, cleans, and tends to the children for the evening. Alan helps with these things sometimes, but many days he rests after work. If Arlie Hochschild saw this household, she would say Amy is experiencing the:

c. "second shift."

In 2007, intimate partner violence accounted for more than 2,300 deaths. What percentage of these victims were male?

c. 30 percent

In much of the Western world, choice of a marriage partner is influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. Which of the following explains this tendency?

c. Marrying someone significantly different in age, race, social class, and religion is often met with disapproval from others.

According to Ruth Schwartz Cowan's 1983 research, time-saving devices like the vacuum cleaner and washing machine have actually increased the amount of time women spend on housework. What explanation is given for her finding?

c. Standards of cleanliness have also risen, so even more cleaning is expected.

Recent trends indicate that weekly hours of housework done by men and women are converging. Which of the following statements indicates how household labor is divided by gender?

c. Women do the housework and men help out.

The Lovings embrace in this photograph, celebrating the Supreme Court decision that, in Loving v. Virginia (1967), struck down America's ________ laws.

c. antimiscegenation

Michael and Shawn are cohabitating. They love each other, but sociological research predicts that, when they do marry, they will face a higher risk of divorce. Sociologists believe this is because they:

c. are likely more accepting of divorce.

Amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning. This arrangement is known by sociologists as:

c. cohabitation.

Marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the United States, although most U.S. marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?

c. facing ostracism from within one's community

Nani is a Zambian girl who needs advice regarding a friendship conflict. Following the norms of her culture, she is likely to seek advice from:

c. her aunt.

In some rural areas of Asia, women can have several husbands at one time. This practice is known as:

c. polyandry.

Structural changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution had major consequences for families. One important consequence is that the Industrial Revolution:

c. separated work and home and created new roles for men and women.

Which 1996 legislation led to national welfare reform during the Clinton administration?

c. the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act

Approximately what percentage of Americans marry at some point in their lives?

d. 90 percent

A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the United States was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, after feminist groups lobbied the U.S. government, what happened?

d. Both the deceased's future earnings and his or her estimated contributions to the family's unpaid household work were measured to determine the family's amount of compensation.

Who of the following has argued that African American female-headed families are the outcome, rather than the cause, of racial oppression and poverty?

d. W. E. B. Du Bois

Cole's parents divorced when he was six, but now both of them are remarried. He has two stepsisters on his mother's side and a new stepbrother on his father's side. These families are examples of which of the following type of family

d. a blended family

On most weekends the Smiths, who have one son and two daughters, do their assigned chores. The son mows the lawn and helps his dad with automobile maintenance, while the girls help clean the house and prepare the meals. This distribution of chores reflects:

d. how gender roles are learned at home.

The Frith family consists of a mother, a father, and their biological children. Sociologists classify this as a(n) ________ family.

d. nuclear

According to your textbook, the most frequent form of domestic violence is:

d. sibling on sibling.

It is commonly perceived that the divorce rate has skyrocketed since the 1950s, but actually divorce rates in the United States have been:

d. steadily rising since the nineteenth century.

The Ozzie and Harriet Nelson type of family was in its prime during which time period?

d. the post-World War II economic boom

Black and poor women in the United States have come to rely on which of the following in order to manage child care and work responsibilities?

d. their extrafamilial female networks

Which of the following statements is true concerning the domestic world of Ozzie and Harriet portrayed in the 1950s television program? The program was a good portrayal of:

d. an idealized version of American family life in the 1950s