Chapter 12 Health
What is the most important method of preventing infectious disease?
Hand Washing (universally acknowledge method)
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
a strain of S. aureus that is resistant to antibiotics
antibiotic
a substance that targets and kills pathogenic bacteria
mucus
a thick, watery substance that shields the body from pathogens
phagocyte
a white blood cell that engulfs and destroys microorganisms
Vectors
an animal that transmits a disease from one living thing to another
parasite
an organism that must live inside or on another living organism to draw upon its strength and energy
List 5 types of pathogens that can cause infectious diseases
bacteria, fungi, viruses, worms, and protozoa
endemic
disease that occurs in small numbers over a small area
inflammation
increased in the blood flow to an injured or diseased area of the body, causing redness, hurt, swelling, and pain
epidemic
outbreak of a disease that occurs in unexpected large numbers over a geographical area
antibiotic resistance
pathogen's ability to fight back against an antibiotic; develops overtime and as a result of contact with certain antibiotics
respiratory etiquette
practice of covering mouth and nose whit tissue while coughing, or sneezing
pasteurization
process of heating and then quickly cooling liquids to kill pathogens
protozoa
single celled organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria and may cause disease
bacteria
single-celled organism that grow and reproduce in and outside the body, can be helpful or harmful for body functions.
cilia
small, hair like appendages that move mucus and fluids within the body
convalescent stage
stage in which disease fades and person is no longer contagious
clinical stage
stage in which the symptoms of a disease arise and are most prominent
incubation period
the time between a pathogen's entrance into the body and the first symptoms of disease
pandemic
Widespread disease
What causes a fever?
a bacterial infection causes a fever.
Mucous Membrane
a barrier lining the body cavities and passages that open to the outside world
T cell
a cell that coordinates the body's immune response and attacks cells that have been infected by a virus
B cell
a cell that produces antibodies
vaccine
a dead or nontoxic part of a pathogen that is injected into a person to train their immune system to eliminate live pathogen
Infectious Diseases
a disease caused by microorganisms or pathogens that can be transmitted from one person, animal, or object to another
opportunistic infection
a disease that take advantage of the body's weakened immune system
mycosis
a fungal infection that usually attacks damaged tissues or weakened people
Zoonosis
a infection transferred from an animal to a human
Antibody
a molecule that attaches to and marks a pathogen as foreign, signaling white blood cells to destroy it.
Virus
a pathogen that infects cells and uses its energy
fever
a rise in the body's temperature which stimulates white blood cells and blocks pathogen reproduction
Germ Theory
a scientific concept stating that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases