chapter 12

what would be the best statement to use in a speech on volunteerism to create immediacy with an audience?

"you" or "we" rather than "everyone". create a closeness with your audience.

in the introduction of his speech, Quinton says, "I really don't know much about this subject, and I don't know how interested you might be in it, but..." Quinton's use of language suggests __________.

a self-critical statement.

transitions in public speaking __________.

are words, phrases, or sentences that connect the various parts of a speech. this helps your listeners see how one point leads to another or where one argument ends and another begins.

effective ways to gain attention for a speech include __________.

asking a question, refer to specific audience members, refer to the specific context, use illustrations or dramatic/humorous stoies.

suggestions for achieving ____________ in speaking style include: be economical, use specific terms and numbers, and use short, familiar terms.

clarity

what guidelines does the text recommend in regard to the level of abstraction language used in a speech?

combine high abstraction (the very general) and low abstraction (the very concrete).

during his speech on foreign policy, David keeps dropping the "g's" from gerunds: "I'm hopin' the findin's I'm presentin' are convincin'." what articulation problem is David demonstrating?

errors of omission.

true or false: "camping is an excellent activity for people of all ages" is an example of active verb choice.

false

true or false: "um" is an example of an unfilled pause.

false

true or false: alliteration is the use of extreme exaggeration.

false

true or false: the best way to begin a speech is to say something like, "my topic today is schizophrenia."

false

true or false: the conclusion is an excellent place to introduce new information that you want your audience to think about.

false

true or false: the most important function of the conclusion is to state the speaker's credibility.

false

true or false: to be effective, pauses should be filled rather than unfilled.

false

true or false: using slang is one way to create immediacy with your audience.

false

true or false: your preparation outline and your delivery outline should be essentially the same.

false

the outline you use when you give your presentation should ___________.

have all your info together.

during her speech on vacationing on the Greek island of Hydra, Anne asks her audience to imagine a place where the sounds of the sea and the wind are not interrupted by honking horns and screeching tires; a place where the only traffic sounds are the soft whirr of bicycle tires on the pavement. Anne is using ___________ to give her audience a sense of the place.

imagery

Matthew didn't anticipate winning the student service award, so he didn't prepare a speech. when his name was called, he had to quickly think of a few words to say that would be appropriate for the occasion. Matthew's delivery method is best described as ______________.

impromptu.

as vice president of sales and marketing for HJK Company, Nin is required to give quarterly presentations to the board of directors. for these presentations, Nin prepares thoroughly and speaks from a brief outline. Nin's delivery method is best described as ___________.

manuscript.

in regard to delivery notes, your text suggests using __________.

open subtlety, know your notes intimately, and use only your delivery outline when presenting your speech (never the preparation outline).

which of the following statements concerning the differences between written and spoken language is true?

oral style (spoken language) consists of shorter, simpler, and more familiar words that does written language.

in a speech, the introduction should __________.

orient the audience, and gain your audience's attention.

in his I have a dream speech martin luther kings jr remarked, "I have a dream that one day my four children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." Kings language use is an example of __________.

personal style.

what are the suggestions for rehearsing a speech?

rehearse speech from beginning to end, time the speech, rehearse under conditions as close as possible to those under which you'll deliver it, rehearse in front of a mirror, don't interrupt rehearsal to make notes or changes, rehearse at least three or four times.

a question aimed at making a statement or producing some type of desired effect is referred to as __________.

rhetorical question

Liza wants to provide quality constructive criticism when she evaluates speeches. What is the best advice that you can offer her?

say something positive, be specific, be culturally sensitive, limit criticism, be constructive, and focus criticism on behavior.

an acceptable way to close a presentation is to ________.

summarize with a quotation, pose a challenge or a question, thank the audience, or motivate your audience to do something.

in a speech, the conclusion serves as the _______.

summary of your main points, and closure.

true or false: by using transitions, you can help your audience see how one point relates to another.

true

true or false: in politically sensitive cases or when the media imposes severe tie restrictions on the speech, it may be wise to consider using the manuscript method of delivery.

true

true or false: in your introduction, you should try to accomplish two goals: gain audience's attention and orient the audience.

true

true or false: it's a good idea to pause before an important idea.

true

true or false: one effective way to begin a speech is to ask the audience a question.

true

true or false: speakers should limit their use of idioms to avoid confusing non-native speakers.

true

true or false: when providing criticism, it's important to be specific about what you're communicating.

true

generally, speakers who maintain eye contact appear __________.

trustworthy, concerned, engaged and not distant.

in constructing sentences for an oral presentation, it is best to favor __________.

using short rather than long sentences, direct rather than indirect sentences, active rather than passive sentences, and positive rather than negative sentences. (vary the type/length of sentences)

active verbs, imagery, and figures of speech are helpful for achieving __________.

vividness

After Roberto arrived at the podium, the first words of his speech were an apology for lack of preparation. Roberto's apology ____________.

was a mistake.