Chapter 12 - Multiple choice

UN Millennium Goals

- Abolish poverty and hunger - Reduce child mortality - Combat HIV/AIDS - Ensure environmental sustainability - Global partnership for development - Improve maternal health - Promote gender equality - Universal primary education

Key Social Themes

- Health promotion - Human rights - Peace and international understanding - Gender Equality - Poverty alleviation

Key Economic Themes

- Reconciling extremes of wealth and poverty - Moderation - Voluntary giving - How to share profits

Key Environmental Themes

- Sustainable production & consumption - Fresh water management - Biodiversity - Conservation and protection

Nuclear Power

Countries throughout Europe managed to greatly reduce their emissions through the implementation of ____ power plants, yet this form of power remains controversial. Because of the danger associated with ____ meltdowns and radioactive waste disposal, _____ ____ earned a bad reputation in the United States. On the one hand, this is pollution-free and cost-competitive.

Kyoto Protocol

Created in 1997 is an international treaty meant to curb global greenhouse gas emissions by having countries voluntarily reduce national outputs. The United States did not ratify the treaty and therefore is not bound to it. Since 1997 the___ ____ has been highly unpopular among polluting multinational corporations. Signing the treaty required slashing their level of greenhouse gas emissions by 6 percent of their 1990 levels.

Genetically modified (GM) organisms

Created through manipulating plant and animal DNA to produce a desired effect like resistance to pests and viruses, drought resistance, or high crop yield. This process generally involves transferring genes from one organism to another in a way that would never occur naturally, in order to create a new life form with unique traits.

Greenwashing

Involves misleading a consumer into thinking a product or service is more environmentally friendly than it really is. _____ ranges from making envi- ronmental claims required by law and are therefore irrelevant (CFC-free) to puffery (exaggerating environmental claims) to fraud.

Green marketing

Is a strategic process involving stakeholder assessment to create meaning- ful long-term relationships with customers, while maintaining, supporting, and enhancing the natural environment.

Recycling

Is the reprocessing of materials, especially steel, aluminum, paper, glass, rubber, and some plastics, for reuse.

Geothermal Power

It is subsequently a more dependable energy source than some other forms of alternative energy. ____ plants also emit fewer carbon emissions than coal power plants. On the other hand, ______ energy is expensive, and geothermal drilling sites are not readily available everywhere.

Biofuels

Most controversial form of alternative energy. Critics argue manufacturing ethanol takes a lot of energy and is not much more sustainable than oil. Carmakers said the models they currently manufacture are not calibrated to handle greater amounts of ethanol. Because ethanol in the United States is made from corn, opponents believe it decreases the world's food supply and increases food prices.

Hydropower

Throughout history, people used water as a power source and means of transportation. Although in the United States, ____ ____ provides only 7 percent of total output, hydroelectric provides 19 percent of total electricity production worldwide, making it the largest form of renewable energy.

Sustainability

from a strategic business perspective is the potential for the long-term well-being of the natural environment, including all biological entities, as well as mutually beneficial interactions among nature and individuals, organizations, and business strategies.

Solar Power

is 100 percent renewable energy that can be converted into electricity. The major disadvantages of this are the technology remains expensive and inefficient compared to traditional fossil fuel-generated energy, and the infrastructure for mass production of this is not in place in many locations. However, cloudy days are not necessarily a problem as the UV rays needed to generate power filter through clouds.

Wind Power

one-fifth of Denmark's electricity needs are supplied by wind farms. Because the United States is home to the Great Plains one of the greatest sources of wind energy in the world—experts believe wind energy could meet as much as 20 percent of the nation's energy needs.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

was created in 1970 to coordinate environmental agencies involved in conducting environmental research, providing assistance in fighting pollution, and enforcing the nation's environmental laws. The culmination of a decade of growing protests over the deterioration of environmental quality.