Chapter 12 part 7

A schizoid personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by a. a detachment from social relationships. b. shallow, attention-getting emotional displays. c. a sense of self-importance. d. an insatiable desire for attention. e. a fear of social rejection.

A

Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with a. an irrational fear of people. b. delusions of persecution. c. physical symptoms of distress. d. their own self-importance. e. sexual fantasies.

D

The reduced self-control of murderers is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ________ lobes. a. frontal b. temporal c. occipital d. parietal e. sensorimotor

a

Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse—but do not binge, purge, fast, or exercise excessively—are said to have a. binge-eating disorder. b. anorexia nervosa. c. bulimia nervosa. d. neophobia. e. set point.

a

Twenty-two-year-old Daria is slightly overweight and loves to eat, particularly snack foods and rich desserts. Fearful of becoming overweight, she frequently takes a laxative following episodes of binge eating. Daria most clearly suffers from a. bulimia nervosa. b. anorexia nervosa. c. excess PYY. d. an abnormally high set point. e. hypermetabolism.

a

Within the last year, Mr. Simpson has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Simpson's behavior is most indicative of a. a personality disorder. b. post-traumatic stress disorder. c. schizophrenia. d. a dissociative disorder. e. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

a

A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who have a(n) ________ disorder. a. dissociative b. antisocial personality c. dysthymic d. generalized anxiety e. obsessive-compulsive

b

Anorexia patients are most likely to have parents who a. have physically abused their children. b. are high-achieving and protective. c. are able to afford adequate food supplies. d. are unconcerned about physical appearance and body weight. e. have difficulty expressing emotional attachments.

b

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by a. losses of 25 percent or more of normal weight. b. episodes of overeating followed by vomiting. c. the loss of regular menstrual periods. d. lifelong obesity. e. periods of unhealthy eating habits followed by starvation.

b

Marked deficits in frontal lobe cognitive functions, such as planning and organization, are associated with a. agoraphobia. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. panic disorder. e. schizophrenia.

b

Professor Engstrom emphasizes that eating disorders involve the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rates, and cultural standards of beauty. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a. instinct theory. b. a biopsychosocial approach. c. drive-reduction theory. d. the evolutionary perspective. e. a humanistic approach.

b

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by a. a natural wariness of unfamiliar foods. b. mass media standards of appearance. c. bouts of depression and anxiety. d. the universal idealization of thinness. e. genetic predispositions in different cultures.

b

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from a. hypermetabolism. b. bulimia nervosa. c. an abnormally high set point. d. anorexia nervosa. e. obesity.

b

The families of bulimia patients have a higher-than-usual incidence of a. sexual disorders. b. childhood obesity. c. excess PYY. d. unit bias. e. neophobia.

b

Which of the following is a common misconception about anorexia nervosa? a. People with anorexia commonly drop 15 percent below normal body weight. b. Anorexia is only a women's illness. c. Those at risk for anorexia are not influenced by cultural factors. d. People with anorexia are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. e. Families of people with anorexia tend to be overprotective.

b

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of the relationship between genetics and eating disorders? a. Eating disorders are not likely to be predisposed because they are caused by eating habits. b. Identical twins are more likely to share the disorder than fraternal twins. c. Body ideals in different cultures change the rates of eating disorders. d. Fraternal twins are more likely to share the disorder than identical twins. e. Higher rates of body dissatisfaction in women indicate a genetic predisposition for eating disorders.

b

In terms of the role of the family environment on eating disorders, research has discounted which of the following factors? a. higher rates of childhood obesity b. competitive, high-achieving families c. childhood sexual abuse d. mother's preoccupation with weight and appearance e. higher-than-usual incidences of negative self-evaluation

c

Individuals who are most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa are those who live in cultures that idealize a. erotic plasticity. b. homeostasis. c. thin bodies. d. set points. e. strong family relationships.

c

One cluster of personality disorders marked by anxiety is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. antisocial c. avoidant d. catatonic e. histrionic

c

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. a. avoidant b. narcissistic c. schizoid d. histrionic e. paranoid

c

Researchers have found low levels of ________ in 13-year-old boys who were later convicted of a crime as 18- to 26-year-olds. a. dopamine b. serotonin c. adrenaline d. acetylcholine e. testosterone

c

There is some evidence that a relatively low level of autonomic nervous system arousal may contribute to a. post-traumatic stress disorder. b. phobias. c. antisocial personality disorder. d. dissociative disorders. e. generalized anxiety disorder.

c

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorders are not likely to ________ following binge eating. a. experience remorse b. gain weight c. engage in excessive exercise d. show increased glucose levels e. show decreased set point

c

Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women? a. bipolar disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. antisocial personality disorder d. dissociative identity disorder e. schizophrenia

c

Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of a. bipolar disorder. b. schizophrenia. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. a personality disorder. e. a dissociative disorder.

d

Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well- balanced meals. Chiara suffers from a. bulimia nervosa. b. obesity. c. an abnormally low set point. d. anorexia nervosa. e. hypermetabolism.

d

One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. a. avoidant b. schizoid c. catatonic d. histrionic e. acute

d

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are a. obsessions, compulsions, and delusions. b. genetics, culture, and self-awareness. c. optimism, pessimism, and perfectionism. d. anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity. e. depression, mania, and catatonia.

d

The distinctive older term psychopath refers to an individual with a. schizophrenia. b. bipolar disease. c. dissociative identity disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder. e. paranoid personality disorder.

d

The surging rates of violent crime in Western nations are best understood in terms of a. the medical model. b. an evolutionary perspective. c. psychoanalytic theory. d. a biopsychosocial approach. e. learning theory.

d

Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display a. a lack of guilt feelings. b. delusions of persecution. c. apathy and lack of energy. d. dramatic, attention-getting behaviors. e. delusions and hallucinations.

d

About eight months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up. Shelley most clearly suffers from a. hypermetabolism. b. excess PYY. c. an abnormally low set point. d. bulimia nervosa. e. anorexia nervosa.

e

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by a. delusions of grandeur. b. a persistent, irrational fear of people. c. episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal. d. disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.

e