Chapter 12 POY 201

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone students cannot be trusted in roles of authority

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? door-in-the-face strategy foot-in-the-door technique effort justification strategy lowball technique

foot-in-the-door technique

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. peripheral haloed central compliance

peripheral

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. set of instructions to be carried out without deviation person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities prescription for psychotropic medicine

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. scapegoating confirmation bias in-group bias effort justification

scapegoating

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship? your financial wellbeing your similarity to others you meet your physical attractiveness the amount of contact you have with people

the amount of contact you have with people

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? when they really want to be liked by a group of peers when the correct choice is unclear when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions when they feel sure of their own decisions

when the correct choice is unclear

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. Milgram Zimbardo Asch Cacioppo

Asch

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. Situationism Dispositionism Collectivism Moralism

Dispositionism

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. Cognitive dissonance Group polarization Social loafing Social facilitation

Group polarization

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs.

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. John Cacioppo Solomon Asch Stanley Milgram Philip Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. Philip Zimbardo John Cacioppo Solomon Asch Stanley Milgram

Philip Zimbardo

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? Simon retreats to a corner and mopes Simon goes to sleep Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon Simon bites his mother

Simon bites his mother

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying because girls are found to spend more time online because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites

because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. companionate fatuous romantic consummate

consummate

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________. infatuation instrumental support sympathy empathy

empathy

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesnâ t want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias. out-group in-group confirmation scapegoating

in-group

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. equipoentiality come-uppance equal status just-world

just-world

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. groupthink informational confirmatory normative

normative

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________. groupthink reciprocity infatuation altruism

reciprocity

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friendâ s father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. script social role heuristic social norm

script

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? voting publicly in front of group members avoiding the development of any contingency plans seeking outside opinions on group decisions having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. the self-serving bias groupthink the actor-observer effect the fundamental attribution error

the fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam.

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions. confederate ally union associate

confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. confirmation bias availability heuristic self-fulfilling prophecy representativeness bias

confirmation bias

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly.

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship? People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly.

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. prosocial behavior aggression diffusion of responsibility cognitive dissonance

diffusion of responsibility

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?" transphobia asexuality homophobia gender dysphoria

homophobia