Chapter 12 Test

Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias?

Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

Asch

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study?

Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity-including race, class, and gender.

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

The correct answer is: fundamental attribution error

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits.

The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism."

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate?

There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

If a person says that actors make effective spokespeople for potato chips because they are above average in attractiveness, which approach is that person using to explain attitude change?

Yale attitude change

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbrado

Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of ________.

actor-observer bias

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

reciprocity

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

scapegoating

Dale thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.

sexist

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

sterotypes

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?

being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

confirmation bias

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Mark and Rosa commit to support each other, but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called ________.

empty

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

group polarization

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

group processes

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

instrumental aggression

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?

peripheral route

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.

social exchange

Who was Stanley Milgram?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called ________.

companionate

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________.

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother