chapter 12b. Trait Theories; Social-Cognitive Theories; Exploring the SelfIf the self-serving bias is evident in the way that an athlete explains her success or failure, she might:

The Big Five personality factors are reported to have a heritability of approximately _____ percent for each dimension.

40

Garrick is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Garrick is MOST likely low on the Big Five factor of:

Garrick is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Garrick is MOST likely low on the Big Five factor of:

Katrina is a worrier. She worries about her family, her friends, and herself. She is particularly aware of potential hazards in the environment, and she sees the world as a dangerous place. Her personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events. Bandura called this process:

Katrina is a worrier. She worries about her family, her friends, and herself. She is particularly aware of potential hazards in the environment, and she sees the world as a dangerous place. Her personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events. Bandura called this process:

Cora wishes for her students to have high self-esteem, so she praises them no matter how they perform. What is the MOST likely effect of her strategy?

The less successful students score even lower on the next test.

Sophia is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures _____.

extraversion

In Eysenck and Eysenck's model, Jeffrey is unstable and extraverted. Jeffrey is MOST likely:

impulsive

Todd tends to be calm, secure, imaginative, and independent. He likely scores _____ on the Big Five trait neuroticism and _____ on the Big Five trait openness.

low; high

Felipe is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Felipe is MOST likely low on the Big Five factor of _____.

neuroticism

Scores on measures of extraversion are _____ correlated with measures of sales performance.

not

Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are to _____ as water, sun, and nutrients are to _____.

positive growth in humans; the growth of healthy trees

Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events; they perceive the world as threatening. Their personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. This is known as:

reciprocal determinism.

Jenna is a runner. She is entirely confident that with sufficient dedication she can meet her athletic goals. In social-cognitive terms, Jenna has high:

self-efficacy

The _____ perspective emphasizes that personality is the result of interactions between people and their situations. The way one thinks about a situation affects one's behavior.

social-cognitive

Dr. Wayne states that the task of the personality psychologist is to describe the "consistent and persistent" patterns of behavior that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Wayne is MOST likely a _____ theorist of personality.

trait

Describing personality is to explaining personality as _____ theory is to _____ theory

trait; Freudian

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:

traits

If the self-serving bias is evident in the way that an athlete explains her success or failure, she might:

blame her failure on bad officiating

Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very high on a Big Five scale that measures: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

conscientiousness

The Big Five personality factors include:

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion.

Neuroticism

degree of emotional instability or stability

Mr. Jones attended a training suggesting that kids with high self-esteem tended to be less shy, feel less pressured to conform, and persevere when tasks are difficult, so he decided to give his struggling students random rewards and weekly messages to boost self-esteem. Research suggests that the result would be:

lower grades and increased passivity.

Lately, Harold and Grant cannot get along. Harold often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was angry at him. As a result, Harold ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. But in truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of:

reciprical determinism

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This BEST illustrates the concept of:

reciprocal determinism.