Chapter 13

e. anemia

Deficiencies in folic acid, cobalamin, or vitamin C may lead to _____. a. agoraphobia b. glaucoma c. urea d. septicemia e. anemia

d. socioeconomic status

In the United States, what is considered to be the primary factor that influences the diet and health of individuals? a. phenotype b. genotype c. language d. socioeconomic status e. biological disposition

c. gene frequencies

It is clear that our _____ are still changing from one generation to the next in response to selective agents such as disease; thus, our species is still evolving. a. phenotypic controls b. inborn instincts c. gene frequencies d. pleiotropies e. cultural determinants

a. agriculture

Jared Diamond has called _____ the worst mistake humans ever made. a. agriculture b. tool-making c. genome sequencing d. language e. leaving Africa

a. domestic dog

Of the following organisms, which one has the shortest maximum life span? a. domestic dog b. rockfish c. human d. tortoise e. gorilla

d. type 2 diabetes

Perhaps no disorder is as clearly linked with dietary and lifestyle behaviors as _____. a. type 1 diabetes b. osteosarcomas c. osteomyelitis d. type 2 diabetes e. Alzheimer's

d. 10,000

The origin of food production was approximately _____ years ago. a. 5,000 b. 25,000 c. 15,000 d. 10,000 e. 20,000

c. 6

Toward the end of pregnancy, the human fetus is about _____ percent of the mother's body. a. 4 b. 8 c. 6 d. 9 e. 7

a. 9

We must obtain _____ essential amino acids from the food we eat, because they are not synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts. a. 9 b. 22 c. 12 d. 16 e. 19

d. microbiome

What term refers to a collection of genomes of microbes in a system, such as the human body? a. microcosm b. microsphere c. biodrome d. microbiome e. microbium

d. growth spurt

What term refers to the period in which adolescents typically increase in stature at greater rates than at other times in the life cycle? a. menarche b. progesterone c. weaning d. growth spurt e. gestation

e. ovulation

When menstruation stops, _____ does as well. a. puberty b. lactation c. growth d. senescence e. ovulation

d. endocrine

Which glands are responsible for the secretion of most hormones into the bloodstream? a. salivary b. ocular c. nephrons d. endocrine e. skin

e. lemur

Which of the following primates has the shortest gestation period? a. chimpanzee b. human c. gibbon d. orangutan e. lemur

c. epigenome

Which set of instructions determines how genes are expressed in a cell? a. epicytes b. phenotypes c. epigenome d. endocrine glands e. epiblasts

c. menarche

Which term refers to the first menstruation in girls that usually occurs in the early to mid-teens? a. macaque b. menses c. menarche d. maturation e. menopause

b. weaning

Which term refers to the period during mammal growth when an infant transitions from drinking its mother's milk to eating more solid foods? a. puberty b. weaning c. adolescence d. gestation e. menarche

a. senescence

Which term refers to the process of physiological decline in all systems of the body that occurs toward the end of the life course? a. senescence b. puberty c. lactation d. growth e. ovulation

b. pleiotropic

Which type of gene has multiple effects at different times in the life span or under different conditions? a. multigenomic b. pleiotropic c. genotypic d. plesiomorphic e. phenotypic