Chapter 13

337) What is the correct sequence of events at a synapse? Pg 358 (1) neurotransmitter release/diffusion (2) removal of neurotransmitter molecules from receptors (3) arrival of nerve impulse at synaptic knob (terminal) in presynaptic cell (4) generation of action potential in the postsynaptic cell axon (5) binding of neurotransmitter to receptors (a) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 (c) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 (d) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 (e) 1, 5, 4, 2, 3

(d) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2

341) Over 50 different neurotransmitters have been identified, but the best known is Pg 358 a) acetylcholine. b) epinephrine. c) norepinephrine. d) glutamate. e) GABA.

a) acetylcholine.

311) The cells responsible for information processing and transfer are Pg 346 a) neurons. b) neuroglia. c) astrocytes. d) Schwann cells. e) all of the above.

a) neurons.

345) Which type of cell is not found in the peripheral nervous system? Pg 362 a) oligodendrocytes b) satellite cells c) amphicytes d) Schwann cells e) neurons

a) oligodendrocytes

336) The rate of conduction of a nerve impulse depends upon Pg 363 a) the presence or absence of a myelin sheath. b) the number of cell dendrites. c) the type of neurotransmitter present. d) properties of the soma of the neuron.

a) the presence or absence of a myelin sheath.

350) If all of the glial cells of the nervous system were destroyed, which of the following would occur? Pg 364 a) The mass of the nervous system would be reduced by about 25 percent. b) Only about 10-20 percent of the cells of the nervous system would remain. c) Only the PNS would be adversely affected. d) The rate of neuronal replacement would decline significantly. e) The choroid plexus could not generate CSF.

b) Only about 10-20 percent of the cells of the nervous system would remain.

319) The functional classifications of neurons do not include Pg 355 a) association neurons (interneurons). b) axoplasmic neurons. c) motor neurons. d) sensory neurons. e) any exceptions; all of the above are correct.

b) axoplasmic neurons.

312) A group of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that share a common function is called a Pg 347 a) soma. b) center (nucleus). c) tract. d) ganglion. e) column.

b) center (nucleus).

329) Satellite cells surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons, which can be found in (the) Pg 363 a) nuclei. b) ganglia. c) peripheral centers. d) roots. e) all of the above.

b) ganglia.

347) Organized masses of axons and neuron cell bodies in both the CNS and the PNS Pg 361 a) are usually demyelinated. b) have fairly distinct anatomical boundaries. c) are called neuroglia. d) compose the neural cortex. e) have none of the attributes above.

b) have fairly distinct anatomical boundaries.

323) Myelin is (a) a) special cell that protects neurons. Pg 347 b) multilayered membrane around an axon. c) special area of the brain. d) cell body. e) none of the above.

b) multilayered membrane around an axon.

346) The surface of most of the brain is called the Pg 361 a) white matter. b) neural cortex. c) higher center. d) neuronal nuclei. e) basal nuclei.

b) neural cortex.

343) Axons extending from the CNS to a peripheral ganglion are called Pg 357 a) postganglionic fibers. b) preganglionic fibers. c) afferent fibers. d) ganglionic fibers. e) efferent fibers.

b) preganglionic fibers.

326) Voluntary skeletal muscle fibers in the leg are innervated by Pg 346 a) postganglionic fibers. b) somatic motor fibers. c) visceral motor fibers. d) preganglionic fibers. e) all of the above.

b) somatic motor fibers.

320) Neuroglia in the nervous system function to a) transfer nerve impulses from the brain to the spinal cord. b) support the neurons. c) process information in the nervous system. d) carry nerve impulses. e) do all of the above.

b) support the neurons.

318) The structural classification of a neuron is based upon Pg 355 a) the number of axons. b) the number of processes that project from the cell body. c) the type of chemical neurotransmitter it secretes. d) the size of the dendrites. e) A and D.

b) the number of processes that project from the cell body.

330) Areas of the nervous system that are dense in myelinated axons are referred to as Pg 349 a) arachnoid mater. b) white matter. c) gray matter. d) dura mater. e) it doesn't matter.

b) white matter.

355) If a nerve becomes less efficient at transmitting impulses, this might indicate damage to which of the following cells? Pg 357 a) ependymal cells b) satellite cells c) Schwann cells d) astrocytes e) microglia

c) Schwann cells

339) The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane include which of the following? Pg 358 a) Upon stimulation, the postsynaptic membrane releases more neurotransmitter molecules. b) Always producing prolonged, excitatory responses in all cell types. c) The neurotransmitter binds to membrane receptors. d) Neurotransmitter molecules are absorbed by the postsynaptic cell.

c) The neurotransmitter binds to membrane receptors.

313) The portion of a neuron that carries information in the form of a nerve impulse is called the Pg 347 a) Nissl body. b) myelin. c) axon. d) dendrite. e) soma.

c) axon.

305) The anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are (the) Pg 345 a) appendicular and axial nervous systems. b) autonomic and somatic nervous systems. c) central and peripheral nervous systems. d) dorsal and ventral nervous systems. e) none of the above.

c) central and peripheral nervous systems.

349) Tracts in the spinal cord form larger groups called Pg 364 a) reverberating neurons. b) nuclei. c) columns. d) spinal nerves. e) cranial nerves.

c) columns.

331) Nerve impulse transmission between cells of the CNS without any delay can be attributed to Pg 350 a) the activity of Schwann cells. b) the presence of a neuromuscular junction between the cells. c) gap junctions that permit the passage of ions between the cells. d) the number of neurons in the chain. e) A and C.

c) gap junctions that permit the passage of ions between the cells.

322) Which of the following selections lists only types of glial cells? a) astrocytes and parenchymal cells b) apocrine and exocrine cells c) microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells d) merocrine, platelet, and ependymal cells e) none of the above

c) microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells

351) A biopsy of infected or injured tissue from the CNS will most likely show an elevated number of Pg 350 a) oligodendrocytes. b) satellite cells. c) microglia. d) interneurons. e) ependymal cells.

c) microglia.

317) Neuronal action potentials result from Pg 347 c) opening of calcium gates. d) closing of ion channels.

c) opening of calcium gates.

321) Microglia are (the) a) most numerous neuroglial cell. Pg 349 b) largest neuroglial cell. c) smallest neuroglial cell. d) least numerous neuroglial cell. e) none of the above.

c) smallest neuroglial cell.

310) Receptors may be classified as Pg 345 a) glands and muscles. b) voluntary and involuntary. c) somatic and visceral. d) subconscious and conscious. e) effectors and muscles.

c) somatic and visceral.

353) Neurotransmitters are Pg 355 b) produced by astrocytes. c) stored in synaptic vesicles. e) never recycled.

c) stored in synaptic vesicles.

344) Which of the following is not gray matter? Pg 361 a) higher centers b) neural cortex c) tracts d) centers e) nuclei

c) tracts

304) Why are skeletal muscles called voluntary? Pg 346 a) Only these muscles are stimulated to contract by the central nervous system. b) These muscles maintain a constant rhythm of contraction. c) The individual can make a conscious decision to contract these muscles. d) A and C are correct. e) None of the above are reasons skeletal muscles are "voluntary."

d) A and C are correct. a) Only these muscles are stimulated to contract by the central nervous system. c) The individual can make a conscious decision to contract these muscles.

306) The central nervous system (CNS) includes the Pg 346 a) brain. b) nerves. c) spinal cord. d) A and C. e) A and B.

d) A and C. a) brain. c) spinal cord.

348) Pathways that connect the CNS with effectors are called Pg 361 a) motor pathways. b) descending pathways. c) efferent pathways. d) all of the above. e) none of the above.

d) all of the above. a) motor pathways. b) descending pathways. c) efferent pathways.

352) To contact a Schwann cell, where would a microprobe have to be inserted in the nervous system? a) anywhere in the CNS b) near or at a neuron cell body c) alongside an unmyelinated axon in the CNS d) along any axon in the PNS, myelinated or not e) in none of the locations above

d) along any axon in the PNS, myelinated or not

314) Muscles, glands, and special cells that respond to neural stimuli are called Pg 347 a) axons. b) reflexes. c) dendrites. d) effectors. e) receptors.

d) effectors.

325) Which of the following neuroglia produce cerebrospinal fluid? Pg 349 a) oligodendrocytes b) satellite cells c) microglia d) ependyma e) astrocytes

d) ependyma

316) The very beginning of the axon is called the Pg 353 a) axon hillock. b) neurofibril. c) Nissl body. d) initial segment. e) axoplasm.

d) initial segment.

356) Which of the following are most closely involved with visceral sensory neurons? Pg 355 a) somatic sensory neurons b) bipolar neurons c) proprioceptors d) interoceptors e) exteroceptors

d) interoceptors

324) Areas of a myelinated axon that are not covered by myelin are called Pg 349 b) internodes. c) white matter. d) nodes. e) all of the above.

d) nodes.

327) In the case of most neurons, the arrival of a nerve impulse at the synaptic knob (terminal) first triggers Pg 364 a) long-lived effects at the postsynaptic membrane. b) generation of an action potential in the axon. c) a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane. d) release of neurotransmitter at the presynaptic membrane. e) both A and C.

d) release of neurotransmitter at the presynaptic membrane.

333) A gap junction acts to facilitate Pg 359 a) growth of Schwann cells. b) the passage of neurotransmitters between cells. c) a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane. d) the passage of ions between the cells. e) all of the above.

d) the passage of ions between the cells.

338) A nerve impulse triggers events at a synapse or junction that Pg 358 a) are always inhibitory unless followed by similar impulses. b) usually connect the cell bodies of two neurons directly c) continue to respond only if it is myelinated. d) transfer information either to another neuron or to an effector cell. e) do none of the above.

d) transfer information either to another neuron or to an effector cell.

354) Generation of an action potential at an axon of a neuron may be caused by Pg 345 c) a change in the number of Schwann cells surrounding the axon. e) A and B. a) input from various presynaptic cells. b) stimulation of any portion of the dendrites of the neuron.

e) A and B.

309) Functions of the peripheral nervous system include Pg 346 a) carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems. b) carrying information up and down the spinal cord. c) providing sensory information to the CNS. d) making higher order decisions to interpret sensory inputs. e) A and C.

e) A and C. a) carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems. c) providing sensory information to the CNS.

340) Types of synapses include all of the following except Pg 358 a) neuroeffector junctions. b) axoaxonic. c) axodendritic. d) axosomatic. e) None of the above are exceptions.

e) None of the above are exceptions. a) neuroeffector junctions. b) axoaxonic. c) axodendritic. d) axosomatic.

328) Chemical synapses do not have Pg 364 a) a postsynaptic membrane. b) neurotransmitter release. c) two interacting neurons. d) receptor proteins. e) a gap junction.

e) a gap junction.

307) Functions of the nervous system include all of the following except Pg 345 d) integrating and processing data. e) all of the above

e) all of the above

308) Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) include Pg 346 a) the somatic nervous system. b) the autonomic nervous system. c) the visceral sensory receptors. d) the special sensory receptors. e) all of the above.

e) all of the above. a) the somatic nervous system. b) the autonomic nervous system. c) the visceral sensory receptors. d) the special sensory receptors.

335) Movement of nutrients, wastes, and organelles between the cell body and axon terminals is called Pg 355 a) neurofibular contraction. b) axonal transport. c) osmosis. d) diffusion. e) axoplasmic transport.

e) axoplasmic transport.

334) Which of the following are examples of neuroeffector junctions? Pg 354 a) neuroglandular junction b) neuromuscular junction c) neuroaxonic junctions d) neuroneural junction e) both A and B

e) both A and B

342) Pathways leading from the receptors to the CNS are called Pg 362 a) sensory pathways. b) efferent pathways. c) afferent pathways. d) motor pathways. e) both A and C.

e) both A and C. a) sensory pathways. c) afferent pathways.

332) At an electrical synapse the neurons are bound together by Pg 359 a) nodes. b) neurotransmitters. c) internodes. d) telodendria. e) gap junctions.

e) gap junctions.

303) The most complex organ system is the Pg 380 a) respiratory system b) urinary system c) endocrine system d) digestive system e) nervous system

e) nervous system