Chapter 13 Culture and Diversity

Which of the following characteristics is true about *high individualism*? A. An enjoyment of challenges, and an expectation of rewards for hard work. B. Disregard for privacy. C. Emphasis on mastery and competence. D. Work for intrinsic rewards. E. Harmony more important than honesty.

A (*An enjoyment of challenges, and an expectation of rewards for hard work.*) (High individualism is characterized by: High valuation of others' time and need for freedom, an enjoyment of challenges and an expectation of rewards for hard work, and respect for privacy.)

Why is group functioning in diverse groups more difficult? A. Diverse groups are less likely to see situations in similar ways. B. It is hard for the team to avoid groupthink. C. More time is available for work performance because group process is ignored. D. Behaviors of individual team members do not conform to the averages. E. Diverse groups lack the potential to achieve positive outcomes.

A (*Diverse groups are less likely to see situations in similar ways*)

A company specializing in automotive engineering, Derl Inc., places a premium on *stability and control with a focus on integrity and unity within the organization.* According to Quinn's Competing Values Model, what organizational culture exists in the company? A. Hierarchy B. Collaboration C. Clan D. Market E. Adhocracy

A (*Hierarchy*) (In a *hierarchical culture*, there is a strong value placed on *stability and control with a focus on integrity and unity.* Increased formalization tends to be the rule, and leadership *consists primarily of organizing, monitoring, measuring, and evaluating the activities of subordinates*.)

Which of the following is true about a *functional form* of organization? A. It promotes clear career ladders in large departments. B. The activities are grouped based on the company's products and services. C. It leads to duplication of resources. D. Employees are grouped on the basis of function for a specific project. E. It creates a highly flexible—rapid response environment.

A (*It promotes clear career ladders in large departments*)

Which of the following is true about a company with a *hierarchical culture*? A. Increased formalization rules the organization. B. The company is directed toward competing in its market segments. C. Flexibility within the organization is highly valued. D. Leaders exhibit an entrepreneurial role than one of controlling. E. The company's focus is externally directed.

A (*increased formalization rules the organization*)

The values of discretion and dynamism with a focus outside of the organization is the culture most prevalent in Kofi & T Inc., a company providing networking solutions. According to Quinn's Competing Values Model, what organizational culture does the company exhibit? A. Clan B. Adhocracy C. Market D. Hierarchy E. Traditional

B (*Adhocracy*) (In an adhocracy culture, there is a high value placed on discretion and dynamism with a focus outside of the organization. Risk taking is encouraged and innovation is valued)

Loty Shoes Inc., is a medium-sized shoe-manufacturing company, *using routine technology to achieve its goals of efficiency.* The company hires only specialists in shoe designing to staff its production department. What *form of departmentation* is the company demonstrating? A. Matrix B. Functional C. Involuntary D. Self-contained E. Specialist

B (*Functional*)

Which of the following is true about a *matrix form* of departmentation? A. It is also called the self-contained form of departmentation. B. It maximizes coordination and communication. C. It is rather rigid and slow to respond. D. Specialized functional knowledge has to be developed. E. The departments are staffed by a specialist in an organizational function.

B (*It maximizes coordination and communication*)

Which dimension of national culture is characteristic of having supervisors and employees treated as equals? A. Low individualism B. Low power distance C. High long-term orientation D. High power distance E. High individualism

B (*Low power distance*)

Which of the following generations embraces strong work ethic values? A. Boomers B. Traditionalists C. Baby Busters D. Xers E. Millennials

B (*Traditionalists*)

In an organizational culture, companies often employ the *rites of passage* to: A. build common norms and values. B. learn and internalize the company's norms and values. C. change the company's norms and values. D. motivate commitment to norms and values. E. reinforce the company's norms and values.

B (*learn and internalize the company's norms and values*)

Tear & Stitch LLC, a company specializing in media and technology, strongly believes in the *existence of dynamism and integration* within the organization. According to Quinn's Competing Values Model, what organizational culture exists in the company? A. Market B. Hierarchy C. Clan D. Tradition E. Adhocracy

C (*Clan*)

Due to the sudden change in the market environment, with the dual focus of technical specialization and faster information processing, Horla & Co., a pioneer in the field of medical supplies, moved from grouping its activities based on its products *to grouping its employees based on its functions.* What form of departmentation has the company adopted? A. Divisional B. Functional C. Matrix D. Specialist E. Involuntary

C (*Matrix*)

_____ refers to the degree to which people accept economic and social differences in wealth, status, and well-being as natural and normal. A. Individualism B. Achievement orientation C. Power distance D. Uncertainty avoidance E. Long-term orientation

C (*Power distance*)

Which of the following is true about a company with the adhocracy culture? A. There is a high value placed on stability and control. B. Increased formalization rules the organization. C. Risk taking is encouraged and innovation is valued in the company. D. The leaders' role mainly consists of organizing, monitoring, measuring, and evaluating the activities of subordinates. E. Most promotions occur from within the organization.

C (*Risk taking is encouraged and innovation is valued in the company*)

Which of the following is true about an organization advocating the *market culture*? A. There is a strong value placed upon flexibility. B. A high degree of individual development exists. C. Leaders fill the role of a mentor rather than a task master. D. Driven and competitive people thrive in this culture. E. Company spends a great deal of time and effort in developing their next generation leaders.

D (*Driven and competitive people thrive in this culture*)

Which of the following is true of a manager who is diversity aware? A. His/her decisions are based on false assumptions and anecdotal evidence. B. He/she judges traits of a group as positive or negative. C. He/she assumes characteristics thought to be common to a group apply uniformly to every member of that group. D. He/she views cultural differences as neutral. E. He/she ascribes motives for group members' behavior.

D (*He/she views cultural differences as neutral*)

Which of the following characteristics is true about a low long-term orientation? A. Family is the basis of society B. Parents and men have more authority than young people and women C. Strong work ethic D. High creativity, individualism E. High value placed on education and training

D (*High creativity, Individualism*)

H&P Inc., a company supplying hardware components to some of the biggest automobile manufactures worldwide, is geared toward *competing in its market segments*. The senior managers, therefore, *use strict measures of performance to control subordinate behavior*. According to Quinn's Competing Values Model, what organizational culture exists in the company? A. Adhocracy B. Clan C. Hierarchy D. Market E. Traditional

D (*Market*) (In a market culture, there is high value placed on control and stability with a focus outside of the organization. This outside focus means that the company is directed toward competing in their market segments and the leadership of these companies tends to use strict measures of performance to control subordinate behavior.)

Which generation places more value on global awareness and heroism? A. Traditionalists B. Busters C. Xers D. Millennials E. Boomers

D (*Millennials*)

Which of the following generations focuses on loyalty not to the company but to relationship with others? A. Boomers B. Traditionalists C. Generation Y D. Xers E. Millennials

D (*Xers*) (The Xers were born during the mid-1960s through about 1980 and grew up in an era that saw a large increase in nontraditional families. They watched as their parents underwent the downsizing of the 1980s and developed a new sense of values about the world of work, which included some cynicism toward organizations, a focus on work-life balance, flexibility, and loyalty not to the company but to relationships with others.)

As part of its culture preservation drive, Lorn Inc., an event management firm, selects and rewards an 'Employee of the Year' during its annual performance appraisal with a view *to motivating its employees' commitment to the company's norms and values.* This is an example of the company following the rites of: A. internalization. B. passage. C. degradation. D. enhancement. E. integration.

D (*enhancement*) (*Rites of enhancement* is to motivate commitment to norms and values.)

Which of the following is true about a divisional form of organization? A. It groups people by function for a specific project or line of business. B. It lessens work involvement. C. It promotes skill specialization. D. It promotes delegation of authority and responsibility. E. It is used in small- to medium-sized organizations.

D (*it promotes delegation of authority and responsibility*)

_____ work values tend to focus on quality of life and nonconformance. A. Traditionalists' B. Busters' C. Xers' D. Millennials' E. Boomers'

E (*Boomers*)

Which of the following is true about the rites of integration? It serves to: A. reinforce the company's norms and values. B. help employees learn and internalize the company's norms and values. C. motivate commitment to norms and values. D. change the company's norms and values. E. build common norms and values amongst the employees.

E (*Build common norms and values amongst the employees*)

The goals of Secure LLC., a company offering secure wireless installations, are 8product specialization and innovation.* The functions of the company are grouped on the basis of the products it offers to its customers. Which of the following organizational forms has been adopted by the company? A. Matrix B. Involuntary C. Functional D. Specialist E. Divisional

E (*Divisional*)

Which of the following is true about stereotyping? A. It is based on differences verified by empirical research on actual intergroup differences. B. It allows for individual differences. C. It assumes a higher probability that members of a group share the traits of the group. D. It views cultural differences as neutral. E. It ascribes motives for group members' behavior.

E (*It ascribes motives for group members' behavior*) (Stereotyping is characterized by: Frequently being based on false assumptions and anecdotal evidence or even impressions, without any direct experience with a group, judging traits of a group as positive or negative or ascribing motives for group members' behavior, and assuming characteristics thought to be common to a group apply uniformly to every member of that group.)

Which dimension of national culture is characteristic of informal business attitude? A. High power distance B. Low masculinity C. High long-term orientation D. Low individualism E. Low uncertainty avoidance

E (*Low uncertainty avoidance*) (*Low uncertainty avoidance* is characterized by: Informal business attitude, concerned with long-term strategy rather than what is happening on a daily basis, and accepting of change and risk)

_____ are the first generation to be truly surrounded by technology and a media-driven world. A. Boomers B. Traditionalists C. Busters D. Xers E. Millennials

E (*Millennials*)

Which of the following is true about a company with the clan culture? A. The leadership role primarily consists of organizing, monitoring, measuring, and evaluating the activities of the subordinates. B. High value is placed on stability with a focus outside of the organization. C. Employee performance is the most important factor for promotion. D. Driven and competitive people thrive in this culture. E. Major number of promotions occurs from within the company.

E (*major number of promotions occur from within the company*) (In a clan culture, a strong value is placed upon flexibility and an internal focus of the organization. These places tend to be friendly to work with a high degree of individual development. Leaders play developmental roles and are more likely to fill the role of a mentor or a coach rather than a task master. Most promotion occurs from within the organization because a great deal of time and effort are spent in developing the next generation of leaders. Long tenures are relatively typical, and organizational commitment and loyalty are high.)

A company that values inclusiveness has fewer talented workers to choose from. True or False

FALSE

According to research conducted, *clans* enjoyed superior performance when the industry was engaged in more dynamic competition and where barriers to entry were low. True or False

FALSE

Person-Organization fit represents a shared way of being, acting, and interpreting life in the company. True or False

FALSE (*Person-organizaion fit* represents the extent to which a person's values, personality, and work needs are aligned with an organizations culture.)

In a very *strong culture*, there is a great deal of variance in the way people think and behave within the organization. True or False

FALSE (*Weak cultures* have a great deal of variance)

Managers wear yellow hard hats in plants, while workers wear white to communicate status. True or False

FALSE (Mangers wear white hard hats in plants, while workers wear yellow, or managers wear ties, and employees are in company uniforms to communicate status.)

The best *inclusiveness strategy* is to be blind to all differences. True or False

FALSE (The objective reality is that *people do differ in many meaningful ways* and the goal should be to *recognize and effectively utilize those differences*, rather than engage in a futile attempt to dismiss or ignore them.)

Aggressiveness is the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth. True or False

FALSE (*Aggressiveness* is the degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing.)

Xers place more value on global awareness, heroism, and goal achievement. True or False

FALSE (*Millennials* place more value on global awareness, heroism, and goal achievement.)

*Organizational culture* can best be defined as the work roles and authority relationships in an organization. True or False

FALSE (*Organizational culture* represents a shared way of being, acting, and interpreting life in the company. *Organizational structure* can best be defined as the work roles and authority relationships in an organization.)

*Organizational structure* represents a shared way of being, acting, and interpreting life in the company. True or False

FALSE (*Organizational structure* can be best defined as the work roles and authority relationships in an organization.)

The heights of an organization is the number of people that report directly to a single manager. True or False

FALSE (*Span of control* is the number of people that report directly to a single manager.)

According to *Quinn's Competing Values Model*, a company that places strong value upon *flexibility and internal focus* of the organization has a hierarchical culture. True or False

FALSE (A company that places strong value open flexibility and internal focus of the organization has a *clan culture*.)

In a product form of organization, activities are grouped on the basis of a specific project, product, or line of business. True or False

FALSE (In a *product form of organization*, activites are grouped on the basis of products, services, customers, or geography.)

A matrix form of *departmentation* minimizes coordination and communication. True or False

FALSE (It *maximizes* coordination and communication.)

The purpose behind the *rites of passage* is to motivate commitment to company's norms and values. True or False

FALSE (The purpose behind the *rites of passage* is to learn and internalize the norms and values of the organization.)

The *elements of culture* that are unseen and not identified or realized in everyday interactions between organizational members are called values. True or False

FALSE (Underlying *ASSUMPTIONS* are the elements of an organizational culture that are unseen and not identified or realized in everyday interactions between organizational members.)

In a low masculine culture, there exists a well-defined distinction between men's work and women's work. True or False

FALSE (*Low masculinity* is characterized by equality between the sexes.)

To communicate status in an organization, managers have cubicles, executives have offices, and others have corner offices. True or False

FALSE (To *communicate status*, executives have corner offices, managers have offices, and the rest have cubicles.)

A *functional form of organization* is used when the environment is stable, and the organization is small to medium-sized. True or False

TRUE

An *adhocracy culture* is the opposite of a hierarchical culture. True or False

TRUE

Burn & Ashes Inc., a publishing and advertising company, places a high value on *stability and control with a focus on integration and unity*. This is an example of the existence of a *hierarchical culture* in an organization. True or False

TRUE

Countries that allow inequalities to exist or believe they are natural are high in power distance. True or False

TRUE

Firing a top executive to reaffirm the company's norms and values is an example of *rites of degradation.* True or False

TRUE

In a *market culture*, an employee's current contribution or performance is the most important factor for employee payment or promotion. True or False

TRUE

In order *to build common norms and values*, a company adopts the *rites of integration*. True or False

TRUE

In order to communicate status, executives and managers often have huge computer monitors and up-to-date new computers, while employees, who use their computers for most of the day, have smaller screens and slower computers. True or False

TRUE

It is critical that the most senior managers live and breathe inclusiveness. True or False

TRUE

Surface-level diversity refers to differences that are easily seen and generally verifiable. True or False

TRUE

To communicate status, executives have reserved spaces while others use an open lot. True or False

TRUE

From a *behaviorist's view*, trying to change culture without changing the reward system is an absolutely futile exercise. True or False.

TRUE (Using a *behaviorist view* of culture, one needs to change the reward system if the company's culture is being changed.)