Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy

Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Used to treat stress disorders Research does not explain why it works Eye movements are not necessary May have to do with the relationship with the therapist and exposure to trauma while believing it can be managed

D, systematic desensitization

Your therapist teaches you progressive muscle relaxation and then works with you to make a list of circumstances that disturb you, from the minor ones up through the worst you can imagine. She is using the behavioral technique called Select one: a. somatic sensitization. b. systematic desensitization. c. transference. d. systematic resistance.

Social skills training

A behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback Decrease social anxiety and build social skills through operant conditioning techniques

Modeling

A behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations Observational learning

Aversive conditioning

A behavior-therapy technique in which undesired responses are inhibited by pairing repugnant or offensive stimuli with them Used to eliminate unwanted habits and antisocial behaviors

A, transference

A client accuses his psychoanalyst of sounding just like his father. This client is exhibiting Select one: a. transference. b. resistance. c. catharsis. d. association.

B, resistance

A client avoids talking about his relationship with his father. The psychoanalyst asks him to talk about this relationship. The client becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." This is indicative of Select one: a. transference. b. resistance. c. catharsis. d. free association.

Virtual therapy

A form of exposure therapy in which virtual reality is used to simulate real-world environments

Humanistic therapy

A form of psychotherapy that focuses on the client's subjective, conscious experience in the "here and now"

Cognitive therapy

A form of therapy that focuses on how clients' cognitions (expectations, attitudes, beliefs) lead to distress and may be modified to relieve distress and promote adaptive behavior

Mental hospitals

A medical institution specializing in the provision of inpatient care for psychological disorders

Ego analysis

A modern psychodynamic approach Briefer, less intense, and usually directive Less focus on id An oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious

A, free association

A psychodynamic therapist finds that a client has difficulty with the __________ method and concludes that the client is having difficulty breaking through his defenses against unconscious impulses. Select one: a. free association b. defense mechanism c. catharsis d. resistance

D, behavioral

A recent divorcee is struggling in the area of communication skills. The __________ therapist sets up a program to reinforce the client's acquisition of social skills. Select one: a. client-centered b. psychodynamic c. cognitive d. behavioral

C, behavioral

A therapist is helping a client ascertain what rewards are maintaining the client's drinking habit so a modification plan can be devised. This is an example of _______ therapy. Select one: a. client-centered b. cognitive c. behavioral d. psychodynamic

Psychodynamic therapy

A type of psychotherapy that is based on Freud's thinking and assumes that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts

C, roadblocks to self-actualization

According to Rogers, the basis for psychological problems stems from Select one: a. a focus on the here and now. b. childhood experiences and internal conflicts. c. roadblocks to self-actualization. d. unconscious conflicts.

A, extinguished

According to behavior modification, if a habit is not reinforced it will become Select one: a. extinguished. b. repetitive. c. stronger. d. none of these.

C, irrational

Albert Ellis focused on the __________ quality of his clients' beliefs. Select one: a. compulsive b. depressed c. irrational d. aggressive

Rational emotive behavior therapy

Albert Ellis's form of therapy that encourages clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations to maladaptive behaviors Most common irrational beliefs: Need for love and approval of others Need to prove oneself to be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving

Token economy

An operant conditioning procedure in which there is a controlled environment where people are reinforced for desired behaviors with tokens (such as poker chips) that may be exchanged for privileges

Asylum

An outmoded institution for the are of the mentally ill

D, learning

Behavior therapy applies the principles of __________ to modify behavior. Select one: a. dynamics b. cognition c. avoidance d. learning

Client-centered therapy

Carl Roger's method of psychotherapy, which emphasizes the creation of a warm, therapeutic atmosphere that frees clients to engage in self-exploration and self-expression Provides insight into parts of us we have disowned so we may feel whole Unconditional positive regard and empathy

C, conscious behavior of ego; unconscious behavior of id

Ego analysts focus on the __________ rather than on the __________. Select one: a. conscious behavior of id; unconscious behavior of ego. b. unconscious behavior of id; conscious behavior of ego. c. conscious behavior of ego; unconscious behavior of id. d. the superego; the ego.

Systematic desensitization Virtual therapy Modeling

Fear-reduction methods of therapy

A, fear

Flooding, systematic desensitization, and modeling are behavioral methods for reducing Select one: a. fear. b. id-ego conflict. c. interpersonal conflict. d. psychosis.

Psychoanalysis

Freud's method of psychotherapy; it focuses on uncovering and working through unconscious conflicts he believed were at the root of psychological problems

Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy

His methods focus on arguing clients out of beliefs that are making them miserable and exposing them to situations they avoid because of irrational fear Client confronts feelings and beliefs that make no sense

Successive approximation

In operant conditioning, a series of behaviors that gradually become more similar to a target behavior

Biofeedback training

In operant conditioning, the systematic feeding back to an organism of information about a bodily function so that the organism can gain control of that function

Free association

In psychoanalysis, the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind

C, operant conditioning procedures

Martin is an alcoholic. He is currently in a treatment program in which he receives small prizes if he abstains from drinking alcohol. What is this an example of? Select one: a. aversive conditioning b. token economy c. operant conditioning procedures d. successive approximations

Systematic desensitization

Method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation Confronts the hierarchy (capacity to trigger anxiety) of stimuli Uses counterconditioning

Token economy Successive approximation Biofeedback training

Operant conditioning

A, the technique is useful for controlling patient's aggressive, destructive behaviors

Originally, Dr. Antonio Moniz would have agreed with which of the following statements regarding prefrontal lobotomies? Select one: a. The technique is useful for controlling patient's aggressive, destructive behavior. b. The risk of unexpected results questions the validity of the technique. c. It should be considered in the case of major depression when medication has failed. d. None of these.

Transference

Responding to one person (such as a psychoanalyst) in a way similar to how one responded to another person (such as a parent) in childhood

C, successive approximations

Shelby is teaching her child to tie his shoes. Instead of rewarding him only when he completes the task, she rewards him for small successes along the way, such as crossing the laces, then making a loop, then tying the bow. What is this technique called? Select one: a. behavior modification b. success rewards c. successive approximations d. task approximations

Behavior therapy

Systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors Conditioning and observational learning Discontinue self-defecating behavior

Psychcotherapy

Systematic interaction between client and therapist Based on psychological principles Influences clients' thoughts, feelings, and behavior Clients use it for psychological disorders, adjustment problems, and/or personal growth

Resistance

The tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas - a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression

Dream analysis

The therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams