Chapter 13: Psychosocial problems
Which of the following is a likely reason that African-American youngsters have a lower rate of drinking than their white counterparts?
*They don't have money to purchase alcohol.*
Individuals under the age of 18 account for almost _____ of the arrests for serious crimes in the United States.
one-third
The practice of advancing adolescents to the next grade level in school based on age rather than their successful completion of the grade level is known as:
social promotion.
Which of the following is not a category of externalizing problems during adolescence?
substance use
When contrasting life-course-persistent offenders with adolescent-limited offenders, researchers agree that:
the causes and consequences of the two are very different.
Desiree is typical of adolescent runaways. Consequently, we would expect that she:
will return home within a week.
Alejandra, a Hispanic-American adolescent, is best friends with Mina, a foreign-born adolescent. Which statement is most likely true about their drug use?
*Alejandra and Mina will use the same amount of drugs.*
Studies show that disadvantaged youth perform more poorly in school than their advantaged counterparts. Which of the following reasons best accounts for this disparity?
All of the above
Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors?
All of the above
Which statement about the familial influences on an adolescent's drug and alcohol use is false?
An indulgent, permissive parenting style is a protective factor against developing substance abuse problems.
_______________ is an example of an internalizing disorder; _______________ is an example of an externalizing disorder.
Anxiety; delinquency
Jim and his mom are in an argument because his mom found out that Jim has smoked marijuana. Jim's defense is, "Half the senior class is doing it!" How accurate is Jim's statement?
It is partially accurate-about half of all high school seniors have tried marijuana.
Which of the following is the best explanation of problem behavior during adolescence?
Problem behavior is likely to be a sign that something is wrong.
Which of the following Hispanic-American young adults is most likely to graduate from college?
Rogelio, who is Cuban American
Which of the following statements about suicide is false?
Suicide rates have increased among adolescents.
Which of the following statements about adolescent cigarette use is true?
The 70% increase in the price of cigarettes between 1997 and 2001 has led to a sharp decrease in the percentage of smoking adolescents.
Al's parents expect him to receive all As on his report card, play quarterback for the football team, and win the election for senior class president. When Al came home with a B+ on his report card, his parents grounded him for a month. Al probably will develop:
a fear of failure.
Researchers have found all of the following with regard to problem behavior in adolescence, except:
adolescents with severe behavior problems are likely to have followed similar pathways to deviance, most typically with similar family problems.
As a child, Carlos had a hard time sitting still and was highly aggressive. As an adolescent, he is extremely impulsive and is more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Carlos probably suffers from:
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Industrialized societies place a great deal of emphasis on all of the following, except:
cooperation.
During the school year, Titus's parents took him to the theater and the opera. In addition, they bought him an encyclopedia for his birthday. The treatment Titus is receiving is an example of:
cultural capital.
According to the text, Asian children tend to attribute success to:
hard work.
Antisocial behavior in adolescence can take all but which of the following forms?
implicit antisocial behavior
Denise Kandel is most likely to argue that:
involvement in a given problem behavior may lead to involvement in other problem behaviors.
All of the following are noted in the text as reasons why achievement during the adolescent years merits special attention, except:
it is during this period that adolescents make serious long-term decisions concerning life partners.
All of the following are factors that affect an individual's vulnerability to the negative effects of stress, except:
number of stressors.
The term "______ syndrome" refers to covariation among various types of externalizing disorders that results from an underlying trait of unconventionality found in the adolescent's personality and social environment.
problem behavior
Margaret has been able to withstand many stressors in her life without showing negative effects. It is likely that Margaret is:
resilient.
Research on problem behaviors suggests that:
risky behaviors cluster together in different ways for different adolescents.
To treat depression, anxiety disorders, and social phobia in adolescence, a class of drugs known as ________ has been shown to be effective.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Cliff is 16 years old, is truant from school, drinks alcohol regularly, and has run away from home. Legally speaking, Cliff is a(n):
status offender.
According to John Holland, personality greatly influences the different occupational fields that adolescents may go on to choose. Holland has developed a standardized inventory of personality questions that match people to suggested occupations based on their personality. This inventory is known as:
the Self-Directed Search.
In general, the earlier an adolescent's criminal career begins:
the more likely he or she is to become a chronic offender.
In a study on the effect of early intensive education on later school performance among children in poverty, which intervention had the greatest impact on performance in high school?
the preschool intervention
