Chapter 13: The Future of the Family

Those taking a critical stance on family diversity believe that change is a ___ thing and support ___ policies that aim to make family relationships ___ and free individuals from ___.

Good Defamilialization More voluntary Family dependency

Identify each statement as either an accurate or inaccurate conclusion that may be drawn from this figure

Accurate Conclusion(s): -there was a decline in fertility in the 1930s -life expectancies were higher in 1960 than in 1900 Inaccurate Conclusion(s): -the U.S has not yet gone through the demographic transition the fertility rate is higher today than in 1960

T/F the U.S has become more religiously homogeneous in the past several decades, with more people identifying as either Protestant or Catholic than ever before

False

Identify the family arrangement that face difficulty in gaining social acceptance in the U.S

Family Arrangement(s) That Face(s) Difficulty with Social Acceptance: -same-sex couples -single parents -adoption Family Arrangement(s) that Does Not Face Difficulty with Social Acceptance: -unmarried men

Select the bolded terms that represent factors that would likely lead Dorit and Kelii to have more children than the average family in the U.S

Immigrated Ambitious Ethnic enclave

Identify each change as either likely or unlikely to increase the racial/ethnic diversity index in the U.S

Likely to Increase: -the census begins collecting data pertaining to ethnic origin (such as the region of the world from which one's ancestors came) in addition to race -The U.S begins admitted more immigrants from Asia and Latin America Unlikely to Increase: -more U.S-born Hispanics begin identifying as White exclusively -U.S colleges begin restricting the number of international students who native tongue is not English

Label the figure according to the amount of time parents in different family arrangements spend on care-related activities for children under 1

Single mothers- 9.6 Coupled mothers- 11.3 Coupled fathers- 6.3

Identify each statement as either supported or unsupported by the critical perspective

Supported Statement(s): -paid family leave would give men and women the flexibility to care for family members while not worrying they will lose their jobs -the "traditional" family form is disempowering to some Unsupported Statement(s): -the nuclear family is ideal but not necessary for a hapy family life -it is important to let individuals live as they wish and not get involved

Identify each existing circumstance as one that either will or will not help the U.S handle the expected increase in the elderly population

Will Help: -better health among older populations -increases in women's labor force participation Will Not Help: -more married couples among the older population -higher taxes

Identify each social feature as the most prevalent either before or after the demographic transition

Before Demographic Transition: -children work for families -poor sanitation and health -high fetility rates -high mortality rates After Demographic Transition: -modern medicine -low mortality rates -low fertility rates -high rates of education

Identify each statement as either supported or unsupported by the liberal persective

Supported Statement(s): -parent-teacher conferences and other school functions should be accessible to working and stay-at-home moms alike -gay people should be able to live the lives they choose Unsupported Statement(s): -the government should enact policies and programs to encourage healthy marriages -cohabitation is a better, more equal romantic relationship form than marriage

Identify each statemet as either an accurate or inaccurate conclusion that may be drawn from this figure

Accurate Conclusion(s): -children raised in married-parent households will have more resources, on average, than those in single-parent households -the economic advantage married-couple families hold over single-parent families has increased Inaccurate Conclusion(s): -the economic advantage single-father families hold over single-mother families has increased -single mothers' median income has increased substantially between the 1970s and today

Match each group to its response regarding attitudes toward growing family diversity

Adults ages 35-54: split evenly between good, bad, and makes no difference Political Independents: mostly good or makes no difference People who attend religious services more than once a week: mostly bad

The result of a demographic transition is a change in the age structure, which can best be represented by a ___. These figures are ___ at the bottom than the top for countries that have not undergone a(n) ___, and they are more like a column if they have

Population pyramid Wider Demographic transition

Religion is an important part of the family experience for many Americans. Families use religious ___ to welcome new members of the family, either through birth or ___. ___ take direction from religious authorities regarding how to run a houseold, and ___ often have strong religious ties

Ceremonies Marriage Parents End of life rituals

Identify each action as either more likely true of college graduates or of non-college graduates

College Graduates: -more likely to have two high earners in the marriage -more likely to stay married -more likely to marry Non-College Graduates: -more likely to cohabit with a partner

Identify the consequences of the demographic transition for modern societies

Consequence(s): -the cost of caring for children has increased -a higher proportion of the population is elderly -the population has become better educated Not Consequence(s): -fewer people are involved in the democratic process

Identify each consequence of technology's greatly increasing the numbers of the oldest old

Consequence(s): -the country would need more resources for programs like Social Security -there would be more overlap across generations within families Not Consequence(s): -defamilization would be a necessary policy step the marriage rate would increase due to remarriage at older ages

Parental social class strongly influences their adult children's social class. This influence has ___ since the 1960s, when a ___ economy offered better jobs for the children of parents with ___ levels of education

Increased Manufacturing Low

Identify each reason why married people are, on average, healthier than those who are not married

Reason(s): -healthy people are more likely to get married and more likely to stay married than those who are less healthy -married partners take care of each other, thus improving their health Not Reason(s): -married people are more likely to drink wine, which is linked to heart health, than unmarried people -married people care about their health more than unmarried people

Diversity among people is known as ___ diversity and consists of ___ in experiences or ___ of individuals

Social Difference Characteristics

Identify each social factor that leads to some individual's having either no family or few family members

Social Factor(s): -immigration policies -incarceration -low fetility Not Social Factor(s): -divorce

Identify the statement that most accurately describes how modernity theory predicts individual behavior within the family

The freely acting family members chooses family members and how to reate with them

What statement describes something that can be measured by the diversity index?

The probability that two randomly chosen neighbors belong to different social classes

Analyze this figure and identify which statements are true

True Statement(s): -older men and women are about equally likely to "host" their adult children in their houses -older women are more likely than older men to live in their adult children's households False Statement(s): -older women are more likely than older men to live independently or with spouses, but without their adult children -older men are more likely to live in an institution

Since ___, there has been a sharp ___ in the percentage of young adults living with their parents, and this is partly due to the ___ that young adults face. In other cases, living at home may give young adults the freedom to explore career options, particularly if they are ___

2006 Increase Financial hardship Middle class

Read this blog post on Child Poverty What perspective-conservative, liberal, or critical- would most likely support the policy the author suggests?

Critical

The singular ideal is a social vision typically promoted by ___. The singular ideal promotes the idea that the ___, biological, married family is the best family arrangement and that family diversity is ___. This position is supported by both ___communities and ___.

Conservatives Intact Bad Religious Functionalists

Identify each contributing factor to greater diversity by family structure today than in the 1960s

Contributing Factor(s): -greater media attention to different types of families -higher rates of unmarried women having children -higher rates of divorce Not Contributing Factor(s): -lower rates of cohabitatio

A small but important group of families includes grandchildren living with their grandparents, most often in ___ families in which parents are absent or ___. Grandparents contribute out of a sense of ___ and the ability to help.

low-income need help obligation