Chapter 13: Therapies
Research has shown that individuals who receive _____ sessions of psychotherapy are more likely to improve compared to those who receive a placebo treatment or no treatment at all.
12 to 14
Who identified the common logical errors in thinking as "perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary," "overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples," "magnifying the importance of undesirable events," and "engaging in absolutist thinking"?
Aaron Beck
_____ drugs make an individual calmer and less excitable.
Antianxiety
_____ drugs are used to reduce severe symptoms of psychological disturbance, such as loss of touch with reality and agitation.
Antipsychotic
Ray's therapist has suggested a procedure whereby each time Ray consumes an alcoholic drink, he also has to consume a mixture that induces nausea. What is Ray's therapist suggesting?
Aversive conditioning
Which of the following theorists coined the term self-efficacy and believed that it is the key to successful cognitive behavioral therapy?
Bandura
Which of the following types of therapy offers action-oriented strategies and uses principles of learning to help clients?
Behavioral therapy
_____ work by binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety.
Benzodiazepines
Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all examples of what kind of therapy?
Biological
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major approaches to psychotherapy? 1) Humanistic 2) Biological 3) Cognitive 4) Behavioral 5) Psychodynamic
Biological
Antidepressant drugs can affect mood by doing which of the following?
Blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase. Increasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain.
Cognitive restructuring is designed to do which of the following?
Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive behavior. Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive emotion.
_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional thoughts about the world and themselves.
Cognitive
__________ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and about themselves.
Cognitive
_______ - ________ therapy combines reducing self-defeating thoughts and behavior change.
Cognitive Behavior
_____ mental health is based on the idea that individuals with disorders ought to remain within society and with their families while receiving treatment.
Community
Marc is receiving outpatient treatment while living at home rather than receiving services at an inpatient hospital. This is reflective of the ______ _____ ____ movement.
Community Mental Health
Neuroleptic drugs are known to affect what neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
Neuroleptics are drugs that help the brain process which of the following?
Dopamine
In cases of severe depression, ____ therapy offers the only quickly effective treatment.
Electroconvulsive
Which of the following is not a new strategy for treating individuals with schizophrenia?
Electroconvulsive therapy
Which procedure used in the treatment of severe depression involves an electric current being briefly administered to a patient's brain?
Electroconvulsive therapy
The therapeutic alliance is defined as the level of commitment a patient has to therapy.
False. The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and the client.
_______ therapists meet with all the members of this group so that they can speak freely and the therapist can see how they interact. Listen to the complete question
Family
Which of the following are side effects of antianxiety drugs?
Fatigue Loss of coordination Mental slowness
Which of the following statements concerning psychotherapy is FALSE? 1) No single form of psychotherapy works best for every problem. 2) For many clinical disorders, no treatment is better than receiving a treatment. 3) Most therapies share several basic similar elements. 4) For most people, psychotherapy is effective.
For many clinical disorders, no treatment is better than receiving a treatment.
The psychodynamic approaches to therapy are based largely on whose theories?
Freud
_____ therapy has the underlying rationale that people are basically good, have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially able to solve their own problems.
Humanistic
Which two of the following are goals of the cognitive therapist?
Identifying and challenging thinking that is self-defeating. Changing patterns of thought presumed to cause maladaptive functioning.
Which of the following are true of psychoanalysis?
It assumes that early childhood experiences are important influences on adult behavior. Free association and dream analysis are important components of psychoanalysis. It is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing a person's unconscious thoughts.
Which of the following is the best explanation of tardive dyskinesia?
It is a neurological disorder that is a possible consequence of taking neuroleptics.
Kidney and thyroid gland complications are possible consequences of the use of which of the following?
Lithium
While the specific drug action is not clearly established, which of the following drugs is widely used to treat bipolar disorder?
Lithium
ECT is given mainly to individuals who have not responded to drug therapy or psychotherapy, and its administration involves which of the following?
Little discomfort
Individuals who received the psychosurgical procedures known as prefrontal _______ suffered permanent and profound brain damage.
Lobotomies
Which four of the following are erroneous ways of thinking associated with Beck's approach to cognitive therapy?
Magnifying the importance of undesirable events. Engaging in absolutist thinking. Perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary. Overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples.
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of the SSRI type of antidepressant drug? 1) Memory Difficulties 2) Insomnia 3) Impaired sexual functioning 4) anxiety 5) Headache
Memory Difficulties
_____ are the most widely used class of antipsychotic drugs.
Neuroleptics
Dr. Addison is a behavior therapist. When she explains what she does, which of the following are included in the explanation?
Operant conditioning techniques. Classical conditioning techniques.
Which of the following statements about humanistic psychotherapy are true?
People are encouraged to understand themselves. There is an emphasis on peoples' self-healing capacities. The therapist emphasizes conscious rather than unconscious thought.
Antianxiety drugs are useful because they do which of the following?
Provide relief from high levels of anxiety and stress
_____ therapy consists of guiding clients to consider their past experiences, from their first memories on, as well as uncovering unconscious conflict.
Psychodynamic
Ella's therapist has told her that he practices insight therapy in which an important therapeutic goal is gaining insight. Ella's therapist is most likely either _____ or _____.
Psychodynamic or humanistic
In a conversation, your friend states, "I don't believe in therapy because it doesn't work." Based on your reading, which of the following points would you use in response?
Psychotherapy grounded in theory may be effective for years after treatment. Psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment at all for psychological disorders.
The goals of psychodynamic therapy are to help individuals to do which of the following?
Recognize the role of early childhood experiences in the development of the individual's problems. Recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts.
_____ groups are voluntary organizations of people who get together on a regular basis to discuss topics of common interest.
Self-help
Dr. Skelton considers herself to be a practitioner of contemporary psychodynamic therapy. Which of the following statements about her therapeutic style are most likely true?
She probes the unconscious of the patient. Therapy sessions are less frequent than in the traditional version of psychoanalysis.
Which of the following disorders might be successfully treated with aversion therapy?
Substance abuse disorder
In spite of side effects such as memory loss and other cognitive impairments, why do some therapists feel that ECT is an appropriate therapy?
The rapid improvement in depressed patients can save lives.
What happens when patients quit taking their prescribed neuroleptic drugs?
Their symptoms return, because neuroleptics treat the symptoms, not the cause.
Which of the following are ways that contemporary psychodynamic therapies differ from the original approach?
They place more importance on the conscious mind. They typically see their clients less frequently and for a shorter time.
Neuroleptics are not a cure for schizophrenia, for what reason?
They treat the symptom, not the cause.
What complications are sometimes associated with the use of lithium?
Thyroid complications Kidney complications
What is the goal of psychotherapy?
To produce change in a person through discussions with a therapist
In the practice of integrative therapy, a therapist might do which three of the following?
Treat the same individual with both psychotherapy and drug therapy. Use a behavioral approach alongside a psychodynamic approach. Use a cognitive form of therapy and a medical treatment option.
A culturally competent therapist demonstrates respect for the client's cultural beliefs and practices while balancing therapeutic goals.
True
Clinical psychology is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.
True
Cognitive treatment works to change behavior or feelings by changing thoughts.
True
Drug therapy involves the use of drugs to treat psychological disorders.
True
Electroconvulsive therapy sets off a seizure in the brain.
True
Psychiatrists are medical doctors.
True
Psychoanalysis is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing unconscious thoughts.
True
Which of the following are examples of antianxiety drugs?
Valium Xanax
Which of the following are true of Western therapies as applied to other cultures?
Western cultures tend to be individualistic, centering on the individual, whereas other cultures may not have such an emphasis. Many people in collectivist cultures rely more on discussing their problems with parents, friends, and relatives.
How do biological therapies reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders?
With psychosurgery. With drugs. Through electroconvulsive therapy.
Research has shown that the match between _____ and a client's personality can influence how effective their treatment will be
a therapist's style
Which of the following are strategies that can be used to increase the effectiveness of treatment for people with schizophrenia?
administering small doses of antipsychotic medications over time. combining drug therapy with psychotherapy. providing training in vocational and social skills.
Moniz developed the original lobotomy procedure, and Freeman developed his own version using a surgical instrument similar to what?
an ice pick
Xanax and Valium are _____ drugs and are among the medications most frequently prescribed by physicians.
antianxiety
_______ drugs are a class of medications used to treat depression and improve the moods of the patients.
antidepressant
Psychotherapeutic drugs are used mainly in which of the following diagnostic categories?
anxiety disorders mood disorders schizophrenia
Benzodiazepines work by _______.
binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety.
What disorder is the drug lithium used to treat?
bipolar disorder
Freud referred to the release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting event as _______.
catharsis
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapists sometimes encourage their clients to discuss, and in a sense relive, emotionally charged events to release emotional tension. This is referred to as _______.
catharsis
The field of psychology that focuses on the integration of science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders is _________ psychology.
clinical
Changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion is called ______.
cognitive restructuring.
If a therapist has a client repeat reinforcing self-statements such as "I won't worry. Worry doesn't help anything," "I have a lot of different strategies I can call on," and "I can meet the challenge," then the therapist is using _____ therapy.
cognitive-behavioral
Cultures that place more importance on the group, known as _____ cultures, can reflect different mental health needs than Western cultures.
collectivist
In contrast to psychodynamic therapies, humanistic therapies emphasize _____ thoughts.
conscious
A therapist's understanding that certain techniques, such as CBT, may clash with a client's cultural beliefs reflects ________ - _________ competence.
cross - cultural
When a therapist is treating a client, ________ factors, such as socioeconomic status, ethnicity, country of origin, and religious traditions and beliefs, are also relevant.
cultural
Antipsychotic drugs do which of the following in individuals with severe psychological disorders?
diminish agitated behavior reduce tension improve social behavior decrease hallucinations
The most common form of biomedical therapy is _____.
drug therapy
Through _____, a humanistic therapist strives to put themselves in the client's shoes and try to feel what the client is feeling.
empathy
Martin is a therapist who reviews current research and takes his clients' characteristics and culture along with his own clinical judgment into consideration when providing psychotherapy. This is best described as ________ - _________ practice.
evidence - based
In _____, decisions about treatment are made using the best available research and considering the therapist's clinical judgment and client characteristics, culture, and preferences.
evidence-based practice
Sasha, her three children, and her partner are all going to see a therapist. They will participate in ______ therapy.
family
The concept of empathy as it is used in humanistic therapy is a therapist's attempt to ________.
feel the emotions that the client is feeling.
Psychoanalysts using the technique of __________ association tell patients to say aloud whatever comes to mind, regardless of its apparent irrelevance or senselessness.
free
Self-instructional methods can be used in therapy by _______.
giving the client examples of constructive statements and asking them to repeat the statements.
In _______ therapy, several unrelated people together meet with a therapist to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning.
group
The fact that individuals receive information about their problems from other members, that individuals observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well, that members support one another, and the fact that corrective feedback from peers may correct flaws in the individual's interpersonal skills are all attractive features of which therapy approach?
group
Therapists using _________ techniques seek to help people understand themselves, self-actualize, and find ways to come closer to the ideal they hold for themselves.
humanistic
antidepressant drugs
increase or maintain the level of neurotransmitters in the brain. regulate mood.
The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach are both examples of which more general term?
insight therapy
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are widely prescribed because they have fewer side effects than other antidepressants. They do have some side effects, however, including which of the following?
insomnia reduced sexual functioning headache anxiety
The SSRI type of antidepressant drugs acts by doing which of the following?
interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain
Compared to early, crude lobotomies, modern psychosurgery _______.
is performed much less often.
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of antianxiety drugs? 1) kidney and thyroid gland complications 2) fatigue and mental slowing 3) loss of coordination 4) drowsiness
kidney and thyroid gland complications
The philosophy of therapy that is based on operant conditioning is that maladaptive behaviors are ______.
learned and can be unlearned.
While the exact mechanism is not known, _____, the drug used to treat bipolar disorder, is thought to influence mood by influencing _____ levels.
lithium; norepinephrine and serotonin
Many individuals who received _____ ended up with permanent and profound brain damage.
lobotomies
The prefrontal lobotomy procedure, as practiced by Walter Freeman, sought to alleviate severe symptoms of mental illness with surgeries that lasted how long?
minutes
A therapist who uses the technique of reflective speech does which of the following?
mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them
Drugs that block the action of the dopamine system are given to individuals who are thought to have too much dopamine. This type of drug is known as a(n) _____.
neuroleptic antipsychotic
Most antidepressant drugs work by changing the concentration of specific ______ in the brain.
neurotransmitters
A therapist who views a maladaptive behavior as a learned behavior that can be unlearned subscribes to the _____ approach.
operant conditioning
One side effect of a prefrontal lobotomy is _______.
permanent and profound brain damage.
A therapist who uses a variety of therapeutic approaches, depending on the specific diagnosis, is said to ________.
practice integrative therapy.
Walter Freeman was responsible for introducing the psychosurgical procedure known as ______ ______.
prefrontal lobotomy
Compared to cognitive therapy and antidepressant therapy, ECT _____.
produces rapid improvements
What type of psychological service provider has a medical degree, postgraduate training in diagnosing psychological disorders, and the ability to prescribe medication for those disorders?
psychiatrist
________ drugs are used mainly in three diagnostic categories: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia.
psychotherapeutic
__________ is the use of nonmedical means to help individuals with psychological disorders recognize and alleviate their problems.
psychotherapy
The cognitive-behavioral approach uses the dual strategies of ________.
reducing self-defeating thoughts and changing behavior.
In an attempt to get a client to identify and understand their own genuine feelings, a therapist using client-centered therapy might use which technique?
reflective speech
The therapeutic alliance is defined by which of the following?
relationship between the therapist and client
The sociocultural approach to therapy involves acknowledging which of the following that characterize a person's life?
relationships roles cultural contexts
The ________ - _________ support group is conducted by a paraprofessional or a member of a common-interest group.
self-help
SSRI drugs work by increasing the levels of ______ in the brain.
serotonin
While the exact mechanism is not known, lithium is thought to influence mood by influencing _____ levels.
serotonin norepinephrine
The therapeutic approach that takes into account the client's relationships, roles, and cultural context is referred to as __________ therapy.
sociocultural
Cultural issues in therapy include factors such as which of the following?
socioeconomic status ethnicity gender religious beliefs
A potential side effect of taking neuroleptic drugs is ________.
tardive dyskinesia.
Unlike the earlier psychosurgery techniques, modern psychosurgeries
target the amygdala or another part of the limbic system. make small lesions and are much more precise.
All of the following are factors that influence therapeutic progress for clients EXCEPT
the therapist's use of new and innovative therapeutic techniques.
In group therapy, several unrelated people meet with a _____ to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning.
therapist
The concept of self-efficacy can be useful in therapy when people need _____.
to bolster their confidence
A humanistic therapist who expresses feelings of acceptance toward a client regardless of what the client has done or feels is expressing ________ _______ regard.
unconditional positive
A therapist who uses client-centered therapy and endeavors to create a warm and caring environment, never disapproving of the client as a person, is engaging in ________.
unconditional positive regard
The purpose of free association is to allow the therapist the opportunity to identify connections between what a patient says and the patient's _______.
unconscious thoughts.
Individuals develop the sense that other people suffer and feel anguish as they do in group therapy. This is the _____ feature of group therapy.
universality
