chapter 13 therapy

interpretation

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material

transference

in psychoanalytic, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

crisis debriefing

forces people to rehearse and "process" their recent traumatic experiences

biomedical therapy

prescribed medications or medical procedures

energy therapies

propose to manipulate people's invisible energy fields

psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapists interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self insight

facilitated communications

has an assistant touch the typing hand of a child with autism

psychodynamic therapy

a Freud influenced perspective that sees behavior, thinking, and emotions in terms of unconscious motives

counterconditioning

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversion therapies

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

client centered therapy

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to promote client's growth

cognitive behavior therapy

a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

lobotomy

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain

aversion conditioning

a type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

systematic desinsitization

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

recovered memory therapies

aim to unearth "repressed memories" of early child abuse

virtual reality exposure therapy

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

eclectic approach

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses various forms of therapy

token economy

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats

exposure therapies

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

antianxiety drugs

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

antipsychotic drugs

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders

active listening

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's client centered therapy

rebirthing therapies

engage people in reenacting the supposed trauma of their birth

family therapy

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members

biomedical

type of therapy for- brain or neurotransmitter malfunctions; restore healthy biological state; uses drugs, brain stimulation, exercise

behavior

type of therapy for- dysfunctional behaviors, relearn adaptive behaviors, extinguish problem ones; classical conditioning via exposure or aversion therapy, operant conditioning, as in token economies

cognitive

type of therapy for- self harmful thoughts; promote positive thinking; tracing people to dispute negative thoughts and attributions

psychodynamic

type of therapy for- unconscious conflicts and urges; promote insight into repressed material; psychoanalysis, therapist's interpretations of patient's memories and feelings

behavior therapy

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

cognitive therapy

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

client centered

type of therapy for- blocking of self acceptance; enable growth via unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy; active reflective listening

psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth