Chapter 14 - 2 - Science

What does the word "skeleton" mean?

"a dried body"

List two kinds of joints.

Immovable joints and movable joints.

What minerals are stored in bone?

Calcium and phosphorus.

What runs through contact bone?

Canals.

Of what is the skeleton of an infant made?

Cartilage.

What is made in the long bones of the arms and legs?

Certain blood cells.

How can you get enough calcium?

Eating meats, whole grains and leafy green vegetables.

Describe how bone tissue continues to form even after you are grown.

Every time you play soccer or basketball, some of your bones absorb the force of your weight. They respond by making new bone tissue.

What do living bones undergo?

Growth and development.

What is compact bone and where is it located?

Hard and dense bone but not solid.

List two types of marrow and explain what each produces or stores?

Red marrow produces most of the body's blood cells. Yellow marrow stores fat.

How can you reduce your risk of osteoporosis?

Regular exercise and a diet with enough calcium.

What kind of exercise helps your bones grow stronger and dense?

Running, skating, dancing.

What is marrow?

Soft connective tissue.

What are ligaments?

Strong connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

What is the body's longest bone?

The femur.

What is a skeleton?

Your framework. It's made up of all of the bones in your body.

What is osteoporosis?

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

What is a joint?

A place in the body where two bones come together.

What is cartilage?

Another type of connective tissue that allows bone to rub against bone without pain.

Why is there a difference in the number of bones of a newborn and an adult?

As a baby grows, some of the bones in the body fuse together.

What two factors are important for a lifetime of healthy bones?

Balance diet and regular exercise.

A thin tough outer membrane called the periosteum covers all of the bone except the ends. What two important structures enter and leave through the membrane?

Blood vessels and nerves.

What is spongy bone and where is it located.

Bone with many small spaces within it. It is located inside compact bone and at the ends of bone.

What are two main minerals that make bones hard?

Phosphorus and Calcium.

Study figure 7, p 476-477. Give the movement and an example of a hinge joint, Ball and socket joint, pivot joint and gliding joint.

1. Hinge joint - it allows forward and backward movement. Ex. - Knee (allows you to bend and straighten your leg.) 2. Ball and socket joint - allows the greatest range of motion. Ex. - Shoulder (allows you to swing your arm freely in a circle.) 3. Pivot joint - allows one bone to rotate around another. Ex. - Neck (allows you to turn your head side to side. 4. Gliding joint - allows one bone to glide over another. Ex. - Wrist (bend and flex as well as side to side.)

List 5 major functions of the human skeleton.

1. Provides shape and support. 2. Enables you to move. 3. Protects your organs. 4. Produces blood cells. 5. Stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them.

What percent of an average adult's body weight is bone?

20 percent.

How many bones make up an adult's body?

206 bones.

What are vertebrae?

26 bones that make up your backbone.

How many bones make up the skeleton of a newborn?

275 bones.

How does the skeleton allow you to move?

Most of the body's bones are associated with muscles. The muscles pull on the bones to make the body move.