Chapter 14

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed a(n) . a. subacute disease b. acute disease c. chronic disease d. latent disease

D

A patient contracted athlete's foot after long-term use of a medication. His physician explained that the malady was directly related to the medication. Such infections are termed . a. healthcare-associated infections b. exogenous infections c. iatrogenic infections d. endogenous infections

D

The process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells is . a. infection b. contamination c. disease d. adhesion

D

Which of the following are most likely to cause disease? a. opportunistic pathogens in a weakened host b. pathogens lacking the enzyme kinase c. pathogens lacking the enzyme collagenase d. highly virulent organisms

D

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in infectious diseases? a. incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence b. incubation, decline, prodromal period, illness, convalescence c. prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline, convalescence d. convalescence, prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline

A

Which of the following statements is the best definition of a pandemic disease? a. It normally occurs in a given geographic area. b. It is a disease that occurs more frequently than usual for a geographical area or group of people. c. It occurs infrequently at no predictable time scattered over a large area or population. d. It is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time.

D

An axenic environment is one that . a. exists in the human mouth b. contains only one species c. exists in the human colon d. both a and c

B

Which of the following is false concerning microbial contaminants? a. Contaminants may become opportunistic pathogens. b. Most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm. c. Contaminants may be a part of the transient microbiota. d. Contaminants may be introduced by a mosquito bite.

B

Which of the following phrases describes a contagious disease? a. a disease arising from fomites b. a disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols c. a disease that arises from opportunistic members of the normal microbiome d. both a and b

B

Which of the following types of epidemiologists is most like a detective? a. descriptive epidemiologist b. analytical epidemiologist c. experimental epidemiologist d. reservoir epidemiologist

B

Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector? a. animal b. virus c. mosquito d. person

C

The nature of bacterial capsules . a. causes widespread blood clotting b. allows phagocytes to readily engulf these bacteria c. affects the virulence of these bacteria d. has no effect on the virulence of bacteria

C

In which type of symbiosis do both members benefit from their interaction? a. mutualism b. parasitism c. commensalism d. pathogenesis

A

The most frequent portal of entry for pathogens is . a. the respiratory tract b. the skin c. the conjunctiva d. a cut or wound

A

When pathogenic bacterial cells lose the ability to make adhesins, they typically . a. become avirulent b. produce endotoxin c. absorb endotoxin d. increase in virulence

A