Chapter 14 and Thirty Years war

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Bartholomew Diaz

Rounded the Cape of Good Hope

Danish phase

Ruler of Denmark tried to intervene and support Protestants, but was crushed.

Prince Henry the Navigator

1394-1460 organized voyages along west coast of Africa

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494 agreement giving Spain everything to the West of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the East

When did transatlantic slave trade begin

1518

Spain's golden century

16 century - silver mined in America's

Thirty years war causes

1618-1648 Peace of Augsburg began to deteriorate and Calvinism began to spread. Protestant Union formed and Catholic league formed.

Factors that encouraged European overseas exploration

Renaissance spirit of individualism Search for spices and profit Desire to cultivate cash crops Desire to spread Christianity Ability to use new technology

Four phases of thirty years war

Bohemian phase Danish phase Swedish phase French phase

Bohemian phase

Civil war in Bohemia, Catholics won

Consequences of thirty years war

Decline of papal political influence Rise of religious toleration Devastated Germany's economy Peace of Westphalia left Germany politically fragmented - more than 300 sovereign states with own rules Fragmentation ended holy roman empire in Germany Habsburgs weakened France emerged as strongest Growth in size of national armies

Colombian exchange

Exchange of animals, plants and diseases between the old and the new worlds

French phase

France takes side of protestants - tipping balance

Swedish phase

Gustavus Adolphus supported provinces and gained victory in Sweden. Swedish victories prevented the Habsburgs from uniting the German states

1453 Ottoman capture of Constantinople meant what for slaves

Halted the flow of white slaves from the eastern Mediterranean to western Europe - so they turned to Sub-Saharan Africa

Peace of Westphalia

October 1648 peace achieved. Rulers allowed to decide religious faith in territory - Calvinism acceptable

Consequences of Spain's silver

Population increase - higher demand Population caused inflation

Economic hegemony in trade order of nations

Portugal then Spain then Dutch

Caravel

Small, slow and maneuverable 3-mast sailing ship

Ecomendia system

System where the crown granted the conquers the right to forcibly empty groups of Indians in exchange for providing food, shelter and Christian teachings - basically slavery

Vasco de Gama

Trade with east via cape route

Pedro Cabral

accidentally discovered Brazil


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