Chapter 14: Basic Elements of Individual Behavior in Organizations

You had a smug grin on your face as you sent your section of the project ahead of schedule. You knew that Valerie and Antonio would be surprised because doing so shows __________________ with your past behavior with group projects.

low consistency

Because of budget cuts, the company hasn't been hiring new employees for open positions. Each team member has to work one extra shift each week to account for the unstaffed positions. The heavier workload is stressful, but everyone on your team made the adjustment and pitched in to get the work done. Which phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome is your team experiencing? Phase 3 Phase 1 Phase 2

Phase 2

The company offers a tuition reimbursement program for employees pursuing graduate school.

cognitive

My goal is to earn at least one promotion every 3 years.

intentional

Skills Loyalty Ability

Employee contribution

I love my job!

affective

Benefits Pay Career Opportunities

Employer inducement

Modern psychologists classify people based on the "Big Five " personality traits. Which of the following traits are included in this group? Check all that apply. Machiavellianism Agreeableness Openness to experience Extraversion

Agreeableness Openness to experience Extraversion

Which of the following pieces of advice for developing a creative organization is contrary to Marsalis's advice? Assign nonspecialists to problems. Let territories overlap: Cross-pollinate ideas across disciplines. Connect with outside sources. Provide people with training opportunities.

Assign nonspecialists to problems.

People who are high on Machiavellianism do not do well In jobs that are highly structured In win-lose situations When achieving personal goals is critical at all costs In jobs that require hard-bargaining skills

In jobs that are highly structured

Which of the following statements describe people who are high on Machiavellianism? Check all that apply. They know how to acquire and use power. They manipulate others for personal gain. They are pragmatic. They are more likely to be persuaded than to persuade.

They know how to acquire and use power. They manipulate others for personal gain. They are pragmatic.

It's not uncommon for advertising agencies to have pool tables, foosball tables, and even basketball courts in the area of the office building dedicated to creative jobs. Easy access to recreational activities facilitates the ______________ phase of the creative process.

incubation

Which negative work behavior is one that can be minimized through organizational policies and managerial coaching? Absenteeism Workplace violence Sabotage Theft Points: 1 / 1 Close Explanation Explanation:

Absenteeism

Suppose you have a real dislike for crickets, and yet the only job you can find is as a cricket breeder for PETCO. You are likely to experience cognitive dissonance that can be resolved by which of the following? Check all that apply. Convince PETCO that mealworms are a much better pet food than crickets and start breeding those instead. Learn more about the beneficial qualities of crickets and how they are considered to be good luck in many cultures. Decide that working with crickets isn't as bad as you thought it would be. Quit your job to open a bait shop selling crickets and worms.

Convince PETCO that mealworms are a much better pet food than crickets and start breeding those instead. Learn more about the beneficial qualities of crickets and how they are considered to be good luck in many cultures. Decide that working with crickets isn't as bad as you thought it would be.

Job satisfaction is an attitude reflecting how gratified or fulfilled a person is based on his or her work. High job satisfaction: Usually correlates with higher job performance Does not necessarily correlate with greater performance Has a curvilinear and evolving correlation to job performance Has no correlation to job performance

Does not necessarily correlate with greater performance

Which situation best exemplifies the meaning of organizational citizenship? Everyone works on the fourth Saturday of the month to take inventory. Chris always picks up doughnuts and coffee for the team. Dorothy does her job well, but when Christy asked her to answer calls from her clients while she is on vacation next week, Dorothy said that she had enough to do taking care of her own clients. John called in sick to work, but he didn't exceed the allotted days allowed for absences. Dawn chose to resign voluntarily when the organization announced that it would cut costs by reducing staff.

Everyone works on the fourth Saturday of the month to take inventory. Chris always picks up doughnuts and coffee for the team.

Modern psychologists classify people based on the "Big _________________ " personality traits.

Five

Which of the following actions could Susan take to reduce her stress? Check all that apply. Volunteer to take on more duties at work. Work longer hours. Get more exercise. Check e-mail at certain times each day, rather than every time a new message arrives.

Get more exercise. Check e-mail at certain times each day, rather than every time a new message arrives.

Managers cannot demand innovation, but they can create environments that are conducive to innovation. Which of the following actions would Marsalis recommend that managers take to spur innovation in organizations? Check all that apply. Give creative people the opportunity to interact with one another. Have less experienced employees work with more experienced employees. Assign only inexperienced employees to problems requiring high levels of creativity. Require employees to account for the time they spend in creative pursuits.

Give creative people the opportunity to interact with one another. Have less experienced employees work with more experienced employees.

You are discussing work with one of your employees, Brent. You want to share your plans for his future in a way that reflects the intentional component of an attitude. What should you say to Brent? Your education helps you service the clients effectively. If you keep up this level of performance, I will award you a promotion by year end. I'm so happy with your performance this quarter! The company provides annual bonuses to employees who meet performance goals.

If you keep up this level of performance, I will award you a promotion by year end.

Imagine you are the managing supervisor for the team tasked with conducting a root cause analysis for a intermittent failure in one of the products your company manufactures. Answer the question posed. If the team has been working for several hours without being able to identify a reason for the intermittent failures, which action should you take to facilitate their progress? Leave the team alone to do their work without interruption. Remind the team of the testing that will be performed on the product once the problem is identified and solved. Suggest the team stop working for a while and instead spend a few hours playing a game. Ensure the team that their hard work will be appreciated.

Suggest the team stop working for a while and instead spend a few hours playing a game.

Susan's high energy levels and position of power and responsibility are indicators of ______________ behaviors.

Type A

Suppose you have a real dislike for crickets, and yet the only job you can find is as a cricket breeder for PETCO. You are likely to experience __________________________ that can be resolved by which of the following?

cognitive dissonance

Everyone in the office seems to gravitate toward Nolan. He's the one who is most likely to invite a new employee to have lunch, and he brings people together, forming effective teams.

extraversion

Ileen's manager thinks that she is an ideal employee. Always willing to do anything asked of her, Ileen never holds a grudge or speaks ill of her coworkers.

high agreeableness

You admit that you procrastinated and did not register for the class on time and were slow to buy the textbook. Thus, compared with your general pattern of behavior, being early with your contribution to the project reflects _______________________________________.

high distinctiveness

Susan's job as a corporate attorney is extremely stressful. Part of her stress comes from having to respond to constant requests for her time. When Susan responded to her partner by asking, "What, what, what, what now?" she was feeling stress based on ____________________________________.

interpersonal demands

"Wow," you thought, "I am the only person who has finished a section of the project so far, and Valerie and Antonio will not have their parts done until Monday." Your circulating your section of the project early reflects _________________________ with the group's overall performance.

low consensus

Individuals may find they prefer some job types over others due to their __________________________________.

psychological, emotional, and physical differences

Marsalis makes a number of points about creativity in these passages. Which of the following are included? Check all that apply. Creativity requires study. Working with other creative, dedicated people allows you to achieve more than you can achieve on your own. To be creative, you must keep your mind free of outside influences. Creativity requires inspiration and dedication.

Creativity requires study. Working with other creative, dedicated people allows you to achieve more than you can achieve on your own. Creativity requires inspiration and dedication.

You have to decide whether Ashley is at fault for mediocre performance last week as measured by customer ratings. In which situation should you assume that Ashley is responsible for the less-than-desirable performance? Other employees on your team performed better than Ashley. The customer ratings for Ashley were similar to those she earned in the past when she worked third shift. Ratings were mixed last week. Some employees performed well and others did not. Ashley's performance was near the team average. Usually, Ashley is one of the top performers. This seems like an off week for her. All of the employees on the team had less than stellar ratings last week. Ashley's ratings in the past were usually much better.

Other employees on your team performed better than Ashley. The customer ratings for Ashley were similar to those she earned in the past when she worked third shift.

As a manager, Fernando is totally unpredictable. Just last week, he was yelling about your work performance, and today he is all smiles. You're starting to think that his mood has less to do with your work than it does with his overall personality.

low emotional stability