Chapter 14 DNA: The Genetic Material Assignment

______ repair is responsible for removing bases that were incorrectly incorporated into DNA during replication.

Mismatch

Which of these is not required for DNA replication?

NADPH

Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 4

Polymerases

Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 2

Primase

Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 4

Protein-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability.

Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material? 1

RNA digesting enzymes

Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 1

RNA-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability.

An ______ cuts at the ends of DNA.

exonuclease

leading strand

synthesized continuously

lagging strand

synthesized in small fragments that are later connected

Griffith performed experiments, which demonstrated

transformation in bacteria.

Which of the following are short repeats of DNA on the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes?

Telomeres

Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide. 2

nitrogenous base

Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication 3

nucleotides

The DNA backbone is composed of (choose all that apply) 2

sugars

Short, repeated sequences of DNA are characteristic of

telomeres

Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication 2

template

Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 3

Clamp loader

Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material? 3

DNA digesting enzymes

The enzyme that relieves DNA supercoiling ahead of the replication fork is

DNA gyrase

In their experiments, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a substance, which had a transforming activity. Which of the following destroyed that substance's ability to transform bacterial cells?

DNA-digesting enzymes

Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 3

DNA-digesting enzymes destroyed its transforming ability.

What is the name of the subunit that acts as the sliding clamp, which keeps the replicating enzyme complex attached to the template in eukaryotic cells.

PCNA

Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 1

Sliding clamp

Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 2

The elemental composition of the substance was very similar to that of DNA.

Why do eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication?

To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes

primase

makes a 10-12 bp complementary primer to the DNA

Radiation, UV light, x-rays, and chemicals in the environment can cause mutations in DNA and are therefore referred to as ______

mutagens

List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication. 1

number of origins of replication

Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide. 3

phosphate group

The DNA backbone is composed of (choose all that apply) 1

phosphate groups

Repeating sugar and phosphate units in a single DNA strand make up the

phosphodiester backbone.

In the replisome, the ______ is composed of primase, helicase, and accessory proteins that prime the lagging strand.

primosome

Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material? 2

protein digesting enzymes

DNA replication that leads to the production of double helices with one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand is consistent with

semiconservative replication

List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication. 3

structure of chromosome (linear vs. circular)

The enzymes in the replisome are active on

the leading and the lagging strands

In which of the following chromosomal entities are an individual's traits specified?

Genes

Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 5

Helicase

Agents that cause mutation are known as

mutagens

Genes, which contain trait specifying information, are located on

chromosomes

Which types of cells have more than one origin of replication?

Eukaryotes

Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide. 1

sugar

Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication 1

polymerase

helicase

unwinds the double helix

The experiments with radioactively labeled phage that showed that DNA was the genetic material were performed by

Hershey and Chase

What type of repair mechanism is responsible for removing bases that were incorrectly inserted into DNA during replication?

Mismatch repair

An ______ cuts DNA internally.

endonuclease

Bacterial replication (for example in E. coli) begins at

a single origin

The enzyme ______ uses ATP to unwind the DNA template.

helicase

The results of the Hershey and Chase experiments suggested that DNA was the genetic material because

radioactive bacteriophage DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells

gyrase

relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork

X-ray diffraction was used to determine that the diameter of a DNA molecule is

2 nm

polymerase

attaches a nucleotide to the 3' end of the DNA strand

DNA's phosphodiester ______ is composed of sugars and phosphates.

backbone

Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous

base

List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication. 2

complexity of enzymology

The two main eukaryotic DNA polymerases that extend DNA are 2

delta

Franklin used x-ray ______ to suggest that DNA has a helical structure.

diffraction

The two main eukaryotic DNA polymerases that extend DNA are 1

epsilon

Based on replication proteins, DNA replication in archaea is most similar to that of

eukaryotes

E. coli polymerases I, II, and III have 3' to 5' ______ activity, which provides them with a proofreading function, i.e. they can remove a mispaired base.

exonuclease 1

DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is complicated by the fact that eukaryotic cells have

linear chromosomes