Chapter 14 DNA: The Genetic Material Assignment
______ repair is responsible for removing bases that were incorrectly incorporated into DNA during replication.
Mismatch
Which of these is not required for DNA replication?
NADPH
Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 4
Polymerases
Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 2
Primase
Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 4
Protein-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability.
Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material? 1
RNA digesting enzymes
Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 1
RNA-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability.
An ______ cuts at the ends of DNA.
exonuclease
leading strand
synthesized continuously
lagging strand
synthesized in small fragments that are later connected
Griffith performed experiments, which demonstrated
transformation in bacteria.
Which of the following are short repeats of DNA on the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes?
Telomeres
Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide. 2
nitrogenous base
Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication 3
nucleotides
The DNA backbone is composed of (choose all that apply) 2
sugars
Short, repeated sequences of DNA are characteristic of
telomeres
Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication 2
template
Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 3
Clamp loader
Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material? 3
DNA digesting enzymes
The enzyme that relieves DNA supercoiling ahead of the replication fork is
DNA gyrase
In their experiments, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a substance, which had a transforming activity. Which of the following destroyed that substance's ability to transform bacterial cells?
DNA-digesting enzymes
Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 3
DNA-digesting enzymes destroyed its transforming ability.
What is the name of the subunit that acts as the sliding clamp, which keeps the replicating enzyme complex attached to the template in eukaryotic cells.
PCNA
Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 1
Sliding clamp
Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. 2
The elemental composition of the substance was very similar to that of DNA.
Why do eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication?
To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes
primase
makes a 10-12 bp complementary primer to the DNA
Radiation, UV light, x-rays, and chemicals in the environment can cause mutations in DNA and are therefore referred to as ______
mutagens
List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication. 1
number of origins of replication
Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide. 3
phosphate group
The DNA backbone is composed of (choose all that apply) 1
phosphate groups
Repeating sugar and phosphate units in a single DNA strand make up the
phosphodiester backbone.
In the replisome, the ______ is composed of primase, helicase, and accessory proteins that prime the lagging strand.
primosome
Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material? 2
protein digesting enzymes
DNA replication that leads to the production of double helices with one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand is consistent with
semiconservative replication
List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication. 3
structure of chromosome (linear vs. circular)
The enzymes in the replisome are active on
the leading and the lagging strands
In which of the following chromosomal entities are an individual's traits specified?
Genes
Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply. 5
Helicase
Agents that cause mutation are known as
mutagens
Genes, which contain trait specifying information, are located on
chromosomes
Which types of cells have more than one origin of replication?
Eukaryotes
Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide. 1
sugar
Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication 1
polymerase
helicase
unwinds the double helix
The experiments with radioactively labeled phage that showed that DNA was the genetic material were performed by
Hershey and Chase
What type of repair mechanism is responsible for removing bases that were incorrectly inserted into DNA during replication?
Mismatch repair
An ______ cuts DNA internally.
endonuclease
Bacterial replication (for example in E. coli) begins at
a single origin
The enzyme ______ uses ATP to unwind the DNA template.
helicase
The results of the Hershey and Chase experiments suggested that DNA was the genetic material because
radioactive bacteriophage DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells
gyrase
relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork
X-ray diffraction was used to determine that the diameter of a DNA molecule is
2 nm
polymerase
attaches a nucleotide to the 3' end of the DNA strand
DNA's phosphodiester ______ is composed of sugars and phosphates.
backbone
Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous
base
List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication. 2
complexity of enzymology
The two main eukaryotic DNA polymerases that extend DNA are 2
delta
Franklin used x-ray ______ to suggest that DNA has a helical structure.
diffraction
The two main eukaryotic DNA polymerases that extend DNA are 1
epsilon
Based on replication proteins, DNA replication in archaea is most similar to that of
eukaryotes
E. coli polymerases I, II, and III have 3' to 5' ______ activity, which provides them with a proofreading function, i.e. they can remove a mispaired base.
exonuclease 1
DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is complicated by the fact that eukaryotic cells have
linear chromosomes