Chapter 14 everything

A frequency plot of a normal distribution produces

A bell-shaped curve

Percentile score

A derived score that designates what percentage of the norming group earned raw scores lower than a particular score.

Reliability

A measure of the consistency of test scores obtained from the same students at different times

Validity

A measure of the degree to which a test is appropriate for its intended use

content evidence

A measure of the match between the content of a test and the content of the instruction that preceded it.

Normal curve equivalent

A set of standard scores ranging from 1 to 99, having a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of about 21.

Common Core State Standards

A set of standards that describe knowledge and skills that students need for success in college and careers.

Z score

A standard score having a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

Smarter balanced

A state assessment aligned with the Common Core State Standards

Partnership for assessment of readiness for college and career

A state assessment aligned with the common core state standard's

Standard deviation

A statistical measure of the degree of dispersion in a distribution of scores

aptitude test

A test designed to measure general abilities and to predict future performance.

Multi-factor aptitude battery

A test that predicts ability to learn a variety of specific skills and types of knowledge

Predictive evidence

A type of criterion-related evidence of validity demonstrated when scores on a test are related to scores from a measure of a trait that the test could be used to predict.

concurrent evidence

A type of criterion-related evidence of validity that exists when scores on a test are related to scores from another measure of the same or a very similar trait.

criterion related evidence

A type of evidence of validity that exists when scores on a test are related to scores from another measure of an associated trait.

stanine score

A type of standardized score ranging from 1 to 9, having a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 2.

The accountability aspects of NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND (NCLB) call for

All of the Above

What are some of the criticisms of NCLB?

All of the Above

An eighth grader has just finished taking the California Achievement Test over a period of two days. What kind of test did she take?

An achievement battery

Computer adaptive

An approach to assessment in which a computer is used to present items and each item presented is chosen to yield the best new information about the examinee based on prior responses to earlier items.

Bias

An undesirable characteristic of tests in which item content discriminates against certain students

Ms. Tranh tells Mr. and Mrs. McKay that Anita's grade equivalent score on the CAT is 6.9. What does this mean?

Anita has done so well as an end of year sixth grader

Ms. Tranh speaks to Anita's parents about the many measures of achievement she has to assess Anita's academic ability. Which of the following types of assessment would Ms. Tranh use to predict Anita's future performance?

Aptitude test

College and Career-ready Standards

Assessments intended to indicate how students are moving toward success in college and careers, and to move teachers and schools toward innovative approaches to teaching in line with the needs of colleges and the workplace in the 21st century.

The normal distribution has the shape of a:

BELL

Benchmark Assessment

Brief tests given every few months to help you know whether students are on track toward success on state standards.

What criticisms of standardized test relate to issues of validity and reliability?

Critics argue that standardized tests are not always valid and reliable, as they: give false information about the status of learning in the nation's schools are biased against some students, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status and ethnic minorities corrupt teaching by forcing teachers to focus on material tested focus greater effort on mastering skills that are more easily tested than critical thinking and creative endeavors

intelligence

General aptitude for learning, often measured by the ability to deal with abstractions and to solve problems.

No Child Left Behind

Holds states, schools, and school districts more accountable for their standardized tests scores. The wanted outcome was better tests scores all around and overall a smarter and better population of young people that would positively contribute to a growing America.

What is a minimum competency test, and how does it hold teachers and schools accountable for what students learn?

Minimum competency tests are criterion-referenced tests that focus on important skills students are expected to master for promotion or graduation. Schools are held accountable because they must prepare students to meet selected criteria, such as reading and mathematics.

Which of the following interpretations would Ms. Tranh make if Anita were to score at the mean of a standardized test?

NCE = 50, z = 0 percentile = 50

In interpreting Standardized test scores with a view to more alignment with future classroom assessment/teaching strategies, educators might look to selecting appropriate means according to

Performance Objectives

Data driven reform

School reform strategies emphasizing careful analysis of data and implementation of proven programs to strengthen areas of need.

A test is said to have criterion-related evidence of validity when:

Scores on a test are related to scores from a measure of the trait that the test could be used to predict.

Grade equivalent scores

Standard scores that relate students' raw scores to the average scores obtained by norming groups at different grade levels.

Some general controversy has been raised because the No Child Left Behind Act is causing all states to make more use of

Standardized tests

achievement tests

Standardized tests measuring how much students have learned in a given content area.

What is the main difference between standardized and nonstandardized tests?

Standardized tests provide information to test takers about their performance relative to others of their age or grade-level who have already taken the test (the norm sample). Nonstandardized tests cannot provide the same information, because a norm sample is not available for purposes of comparison.

achievement batteries

Standardized tests that include several subtests designed to measure knowledge of particular subjects.

Norms

Standards that are derived from the test scores of a sample of people who are similar to those who will take the test and that can be used to interpret scores of future test takers

Standardized test

Tess that are usually commercially prepared for nationwide use and designed to provide accurate and meaningful information one students performance related to that of others at their age or grade level

Diagnostic Tests

Tests of specific skills used to identify students' needs and to guide instruction.

Mental age

The average test score received by individuals of a given chronological age.

Cutoff score

The score designated as the minimum necessary to demonstrate mastery of a subject.

Discriminate evidence

Validation evidence that indicates the measure is not related to measures of different psychological constructs.

Derived scores

Values computed from raw scores that relate students' performances to those of a norming group (e.g., percentiles and grade equivalents).

normal distribution

a bell-shaped curve, describing the spread of a characteristic throughout a population

Minimum competency tests:

are criterion-referenced tests that focus on important skills students are expected to have mastered to qualify for promotion or graduation.

Chronological age

number of years since birth

An aptitude test is successful to the degree that it:

predicts performance.

If Anita scored consistently on the CAT over multiple applications, it can be said that the test has

reliability

Ms. Tranh compares her students' scores on a math test with those of another class. She finds that the student's average score in both classes is 75, but the students in her class have scores that are much more spread out. This means that Ms. Tranh's results will have a larger

standard deviation

Stanines, Z-scores and normal curve equivalents are all:

standard scores.

Tests that are usually commercially prepared for nationwide use and designed to provide accurate and meaningful information on students' performance are known as:

standardized tests

The school accountability movement in the United States has made ample use of _____________________in their campaign to hold schools accountable for student learning outcomes.

standardized tests

The ratio of one's mental age (MA) to one's chronological age (CA) is known as:

the intelligence quotient.

A major issue in the interpretation of standardized test scores is:

the possibility of bias against students from low-income or diverse backgrounds.