Chapter 14 history
Plantation novel
A book that glorifies the life of planter families
Trickster
A character who usually defeated a stronger created by outwitting it
Urban whites
A greater percentage of what was slaveholders than rural southerners
William Ellison
A maker of cotton gins who eventually became a wealthy planter
Caroline Howard Gilman
A popular southern writer in the early 1800s
Thomas Dabney
A very wealthy faker who had finical setbacks but moved to Mississippi and became one of the wealthiest farmer/ men in the area
After nat turner rebellion
After what happened did many states strengthen their slave codes to increase control over slaves as the system continued to spread
Greene
Already had invented the machine that workers were using to remove seeds and asked Eli Whitney to improve it
No
Although it was important, was cotton the only crop the south grew
The domestic slave trade
Although slavery was illegal in the us the growing demand led to an increase in what type of trade
Religion
And important aspect of slave culture
Wealthy white southerners
Argued that God created some people, like themselves, to rule over other people
New Orleans
Became the major port city of the interior region as people traveled up and down the Mississippi River
Landon cater
Believed in the ablilty to produce good crops reflected a person's character
Nat turner
Believed that God called on him to overthrow slavery
Southerners
Believed that the entire future of the United States rested in agriculture
Business, social organizes, and people
Besides the plantations what did most southern cities contain
100 acres
By 1860 about 80 percent of southern farmers owned land with a typical farm of what size
Louisiana
Capital of the U.S. Sugar industry
Religion
Central southern social life
D.R. Hundley
Complained that ye men treated their shaves too much like equals
Cotton
Connected the south with many other nations and people
Cotton gin
Consisted of a cylinder filled with rows of wire teeth, workers spun the cylinder by turning a crank, as the cotton passed through the wire spikes pulled the fibers away from the seeds
Slaves who worked in the house
Could be sent to work in the field during a critical time in the agricultural season
William mcCreight
Created successful business making gins for other people
Lucy Breckinridge
Daughter if a wealthy Virginia planter; greatly dreaded the thought of an arranged marriage
No
Did the majority of white southerners live on plantations or own slaves
Wealthy urban residents
Donated large sums of Money to charities, form orphanages to libraries
Spirituals
Emotional Christian songs that blended african and European traditions
Dabney
Encouraged other planters to turn to cotton Asa cash crop
Free African Americans
Faced constant discrimination from white southerners who feared they would try to encourage rebellions among slaves
Farmers
Faced many challenges If they didn't live near navigable rivers
The people who profited from slavery
Generally viewed slaves as only property and not as people
Planters
Had a great influence over the south and economy
Yeomen
Had few material comforts and typically worked long days at a variety of tasks
Free African Americans
Had to have a a white person represent them in any business transaction they conducted
James a. Cowardin
Headed a brokerage firm and edited on of the first " penny press" newspapers
Severely punishing one Soave in front of all of the rest to scare them
How did The slaveholders show fear of punishment to the slaves
Cross breeding short staple cotton with Mexican cotton
How did farmers and scientist help cure diseases that wiped out cotton crops
By drying or curing it
How did farmers help prepare their tobacco product for market
Running away
How did most slaves obtain their freedom
By selling slaves to cotton or sugar planters from states father south
How did slaveholders in Virginia and Maryland profit off the slaves
Using discarded scraps of fabric
How did slaves try to brighten up their clothing
Working at skilled jobs
How did some shaves earn enough money to buy thier freedom
Literature
How did some southern writers try to increase national awareness of southerner culture
Told stories from generation to generation
How did the parent make sure that the children never forgot their heritage
Hunting, fishing, raising small gardens, and doing odd jobs
How did the very poor southerns survive
1/3
How many white southern families owned slaves
Millions of dollars
How much was cotton worth in U.S. exports
Not often
How often did violent slave revolts occur
Using the rope from Kentucky and Virginia
How was the cotton bundled into bales
Descendants of refugees from the Haitian revolution led by
How were some slaves freed
City governments provided services to improve life
How were southern cities like northern cities
Steamboat
Instead of flatboats to carry crops what was the invention that became the main method of transportation
John Rolfe
Introduced a highgrade tobacoo that could be grown in virgina
Planters
Large scale famers who owned more than 20 slaves- built gins that process tons of cotton quickly
Nat turners rebellion
Led a group of slaves in a plan to kill all of the planter families in their country;100 slaves were killed and over 60 whites people
Drivers
Made sure slaves followed orders and hired to carried out punishments
Charleston, SC; savannah, GA; New Orleans , LA
Major port cities
Crop brokers called Factors
Managed the trade between planters and the customer
They believed that everyone was created equal in gods eyes
Most preachers preached about supporting slavery but what did the slaves think about the bible
Josiah Henson
Never forgot the day he and his family were sold at an auction, his mother begged her new owner to buy her son so that she would have at least one of her children with her but he refused and the entire family was separated
Cowardin
On the city's board of trade, vice president of the Virginia mechanics institute, served as a member of the state legislature
Tobacco
One of the cash crops produced by plantations and the slaves who labored on Them
Jemima hunt
Petitioned the legislation to grant her husband, Stephen, permission to stay in the state; she had recently purchased his freedom
William Ellison
Purchased his freedom by hiring out his services as a cotton gin maker
Slaves
Received very poor clothing and shelter
Cotton gin
Revolutionized the cotton industry and gave new life to the southern agricultural economy
James Henry Hammond
Said that cotton was king
Folktales
Served as a warning that slaves should never trust the slaveholders
Yeomen
Small landowning farmers
Cotton gin
Sparked a boom in the growing of cotton
Folktales
Stories with a moral; which taught lessons about how to survive under slavery
Swallow barn by John Pendleton Kennedy
The first plantation novel
Hugh Swindon legare
The leader of the so called Charleston school, published many of the groups works in a literary magazine
Tredegar iron products
The only large factory in the south that made iron products
Cotton belt or cotton kingdom
The region that grew most of the country's cotton crop
Tobacco
The south's first major cash crop
Britain
The south's main trading partner
Tobacco, rice, and indigo
The south's three major cash crops
The American Revolution
The south's three major cash crops greatly decreased after what major change in the country
Scientific agriculture
The use of scientific techniques to improve crop production
Successful plantation owners
Thought that the cultivation of crops was an art passed down from generation to generation
Free African Americans
Threatened the institution of slavery because they proved that african American could live outside the slave system
Joseph r. Anderson
Took over the Tredegar iron works
Slaveholders
Tried to get as much work as they could out of slaves
Wealthy white southerners
Used religion to justify their position in society and the institution of slavery
Hinton Rowan helper
Warned that the southern region was falling behind the modern world by not industrializing
Yes
Was the driver usually a slave
Free southern african Americans
Were able to form loose social and economic ties
Us and British Textile industries
Wh ch industry relied on cotton
The Kimberly industry
Wh ch industry was greatly aided by new technology
The ideal of liberty and the drop in tobacco, indigo, and rice prices which required less labor
What are 2 reasons Slaves were freed
Religion,working slower, running away,
What are many ways slaves resisted slaveholders ste mots to control them completely
Public water systems, well maintained streets, and public education
What are some examples of how the cities try to help improve life
Mills, shipyards, skilled jobs, and domestic servants
What are some jobs slaves could've worked at
Cooks, nurses, butlers
What are some jobs slaves did
Corn, sweet potatoes,wheat, rice, and sugarcane
What are some of the crops grown in the south besides cotton
Blacksmithing, carpentry,
What are some skilled jobs slaves could have
William Washington Gorden, Godfrey barnsley
What are two cotton factors
Growing/ harvesting cotton and sugarcane
What are two crops that used a lot of labor
The development of the new southern cash crop cotton
What changed the prices of slaves and how many salves were needed
Vote, travel freely, hold certain types of jobs
What could free African Americans nit do
Vegetables- garden,eggs,chicken,fish,berries
What could shaves add to their diet to try to improve it
Slavery
What declined with the southern agriculture
Tredegar iron works
What did Anderson turn into one of the most productive iron works in the nation
The first mill that used cutting machines powered by steam engines
What did a sawmill owner from donaldsonville, Louisiana build
Slave labor
What did large scale cotton growers mostly depend on
Raising crops and left the running of the household to their wives
What did male planters mainly focus on
Skilled artisans
What did most free African Americans do as jobs
Being sold to another plantation and being separated
What did most slaves fear more than anything physical punishment
The planters superior social and racial status
What did planters believed their domination over slaves represented
The raising and education of her children, the work of the household slaves, social duties of the family
What did the planters wife oversee in a daily basis
How to protect the land
What did the scientists looking at the cotton belt search for
Traveling very far from their owners home or learning to read or write
What did the strict slavecodes limit the slaves from doing
The desire for profits
What fueled the southern economy
The high demand for flour in Britain
What increases the value of wheat in the south
Use better fertilizer, rotate crops, and support research to help better understand how soil chemistry works
What is 3 ways that famers can help protect the soil they farm on
" the invisible institution"
What is Soave religion referred to because religion was watched carefully by slaveholders
Easy to grow, inexpensive,lighter than other staple crops, and it didn't perish if stored properly
What is four advantages to the cash crop cotton
"gang" system
What kind of system did most plantation field hands work in; everybody did the same task at the same time from sunup to sundown
Regions navigable rivers
What kind of transportation did farmers rely on to get their crops to the ports
The drop in tobacco, indigo, and rice prices
What led many landowners to scale back production or experiment with other crops that required less labor
Raising horses, mules, other animals, lumber
What other industries were there in the south besides farming
New York City
What port cities helped with cotton industry in the north
The southeast
What region were the few road projects limited to
Protestants
What religion were most slaves
The northerners believed God opposed slavery
What set the southern Christians at odds than the northern Christians
Aspects of traditional african religion with those of Christianity
What two countries did Soave religion combine
Hemp and flax
What two major cash crops came about because of the cotton boom
Land Unsuitable for producing cash crops
What type of land did very poor whites live on
Locomotives, boilers, cables, naval hardware, cannons
What type of supplies did Tredegar iron works produce
" savior if Louisiana "
What was bore's called after his new method helped the south's economy
Yeomen usually side by side with the slaves
What was different about the yeomen and planters between slaves
Southern review
What was legare's magazine called
It's long white fibers which could be removed easily
What was the advantage of long stable cotton
Family
What was the most important unit a slave communities
Bought,worked,sold
What was the process to which slaves made their owner a profit
That slaves could survive by outsmarting the slaveholder
What was usually the lesson of folktales
The process staple crops
What were most of the first factories in the south built for
Food or better conditions
What were slaves rewarded with for their good obedience
Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee was the top
What were the top three corn growing states and which was number one
Land and labor
What were the two things in theory that a person needed in order to start raising cotton
After the American Revolution
When did the northern states declare slavery illegal
On his friend Catherine Greene plantation
When was the first time that Eli Whitney ever saw cotton
China, imported from the West Indies, and south
Where are three places that cotton originated
In the shores of South Carolina
Where did famers have the moat luck growing long stable cotton
In the southern region
Where did few very poor, landless whites live
South
Where did more than half of all free African Americans live
Plantations
Where were most slaves assigned to specific jobs with the majority working in the fields
The one that reignited from china
Which cotton crop didn't become popular
The cotton that grew best in the south
Which cotton plant led to the invention of the cotton gin because the seeds were so tough to get out
Poorest of white southerners
Which group of white southerners was looked down upon but made up about 10% on the southern population
Slaves received better food and clothing than field hands and I'll hands worked longer hours
Which help usually received the better food clothing and worked longer
The south
Which region had trouble adapting to the canal
Alabama wheat
Which special kind of flour did London bakers prefer
Ferdinand steel in Mississippi
Who did many cotton farmers art out like
Rural whites
Who did southern writers novels about the south focus on
Children over the age of 10
Who did the same work as enslaved women and men
French/ Etienne bore when he came up with a new processing method
Who introduced sugarcane to Louisiana but who made it popular
Gabriel prosser and Denmark vesey
Who led slave rebellions that were stopped before they were carried out
Readers wishing to justify the slave system that supported planters lifestyle
Who mainly wanted to but plantation novels
Planters
Who many served as political leaders in the south
Southern Urban leaders
Who wanted their cities to look as modern as possible when business poeple came to visit
Slaves
Who was much of the work done by in southern cities
Women
Who was not allowed to become ministers
Dr. Rush nutt
Who was one scientists that was a part of scientific agriculture
Small farmer
Who was the average white woman most likely to marry
To reinvest in more land and slaves
Why did some planters save their money
Economic dependence, they didn't have a variety of crops, it was wearing out the soil, and the international cotton trade was making it dependent on foreign products
Why were people worried about the south's dependence on cotton
Economic and political issues led to arranged marriages based on business concerns
Why were plantation marriages usually arranged and how
Dishonest slave traders
Would even kidnap free African-Americans from the north and sell them into slavery down south