Chapter 14 Identifications/Matching

William Henry Harrison

"Old Tippecanoe," who was portrayed by Whig propagandists as a hard-drinking common man of the frontier

Whigs

Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government

Sequoyah

Cherokee leader who devised an alphabet for his people

Submission Men

Contemptuous title nullifiers gave to the Unionist minority who advocated compromise and tried to block nullification.

Seminoles

Florida Indians that refused to accept removal and waged a bitter war against the American Army from 1825 to 1837

Sam Houston

Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence

John C Calhoun

Former vice president, leader of South Carolina nullifiers, and bitter enemy of Andrew Jackson

Black Hawk

Illinois-Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832

Specie Circular

Jackson's Treasury Department decree that required all public lands to be purchased with hard money (coins)

Henry Clay

Jackson's rival for the presidency in 1832, who failed to save the Bank of the United States

Force Bill

Legislation, called the "bloody bill" by radical nullifiers, which authorized the president to use the army and navy to collect tariffs

Santa Anna

Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat Texas rebels

Whigs

Political party that favored a more activist government, high tariffs, internal improvements, and moral reforms

Democrats

Political party that generally stressed individual liberty, the rights of the common people, and hostility to privilege

Evangelical Protest

Religious believers, originally attracted to the Anti-Masonic party and then to the Whigs, who sought to use political power for moral and religious reform

Masons

Ritualistic secret societies that became the target of a momentarily powerful third party in 1832

Osceola

Seminole leader whose warriors killed fifteen hundred American soldiers in years of guerrilla warfare

South Carolina

State where a radical Convention "nullified" the "Tariff of Abominations" and provoked Jackson to military action

Statehood

Status sought from the United States by Texas in 1837 but refused by Jackson because of the slavery issue

independent treasuries

System of keeping government funds separate vaults, established by Van Buren's "Divorce bill" in 1940

Nicholas Biddle

Talented but high-handed bank president who fought a bitter losing battle with the president of the United States

Bank of US

The "moneyed monster" that Clay tried to preserve and that Jackson killed with his veto in 1832

Martin Van Buren

The "wizard of Albany," whose economically troubled presidency was served in the shadow of Jackson

Mexico

The nation from which Texas won its independence from in 1836

Trail of Tears

The sorrowful path along which thousands of southeastern Indians were removed from Oklahoma

Seminoles and Cherokee

Two of the Southeastern Indian people who were removed to Oklahoma

Log Cabin

popular symbols of the somewhat bogus but effective campaign the Whigs used to elect "poor-boy" William Henry Harrison in 1840