Chapter 14

Maya and Jennifer are 12-year-olds. Maya's parents were in their 40s when they had her, and Jennifer's parents were in their 20s when they had her. What is the LEAST likely outcome?

Maya will report that she identifies more with her parents than does Jennifer.

Mayank is a 9-year-old boy who seems more immature than his peers. He has trouble controlling his own impulses. This type of behavior is often associated with which of the following parenting styles:

Permissive

Which parenting style is characterized by high warmth and high control?

authoritative

Gustavo is growing up in a family of high socioeconomic status, and Herman is growing up in a family of low economic status. Both Gustavo and Herman are the youngest of three boys. What is the most likely outcome? a. Herman's future outcomes will be more similar to his siblings' than is the case for Gustavo. b. Gustavo's future outcomes will be more similar to his siblings' than is the case for Herman. c. Both Gustavo and Herman's future outcomes will be dramatically different from their siblings. d. Both Gustavo and Herman's future outcomes will be similar to their siblings' outcomes.

b. Gustavo's future outcomes will be more similar to his siblings' than is the case for Herman. Correct

All of the following are true of sex differences in the links between stepparenting and children's development EXCEPT: a. adolescent girls often seem to have an increase in problems with the arrival of a new father figure b. girls but not boys seem to have more difficult relationships with stepmothers than stepfathers c. boys seem to benefit from the presence of a new father figure d. both boys and girls may resent it when a new stepparent suddenly becomes the more dominant parenting figure

b. girls but not boys seem to have more difficult relationships with stepmothers than stepfathers

Jim commonly discusses science problems with his teenage son and daughter. Which of the following is most likely in the context of these conversations? a. Jim will use an equally high level of cognitively demanding speech with both of his children. b. Jim will use more cognitively demanding speech with his daughter. c. Jim will use more cognitively demanding speech with his son. d. Jim will refrain from using cognitively demanding speech with either of his children.

c. Jim will use more cognitively demanding speech with his son.

Nuclear Family

generally consists of the mother and father as heads of the household along with their children.

Permissive Parent

high in warmth and low in control. Make few demands of their children and rarely attempt to monitor or control their behavior.

Resource Theory

holds that the more children in the family, the less attention parents devote to each child.

Internalizing Problem

largely within the individual, such as depression.

Authoritarian Parent

low in warmth and high in control and typically order their children around, expecting compliance with no questioning or discussion

Sylvie cares a lot about her children and is very warm. She has few rules and her children decide what to eat and when to go to bed. What type of parent is Sylvie?

permissive

Extended Family

reach across generations and sometimes incorporate aunts, uncles, and cousins.

Cycle of Abuse

tendency to recur in ensuing generations of the same family line.

Parenting Style

the ways in which parents engage in behaviors and have attitudes toward their children that create a particular parenting environment or climate.

Dr. Gentsch works with children in foster care. She is working with two siblings who display significant behavior problems and sibling conflict. The research suggests that:

these children will fare better if they are placed in separate foster homes Correct

Girls whose parents are ________ may show a greater tendency to join a deviant peer group.

uninvolved

Child Effect

when the child's traits or behaviors cause the parents to act in a certain way in response.

What type of parent would say: "Do it because I say so!"?

Authoritarian

Chandler lives with her mother, stepfather, brother, and stepsister. These individuals represent her ________ family.

Blended

Authoritative Parent

High in both warmth and control. "High Control" is more balanced and less rigid and overbearing than authoritarian parents. Set guidelines but are flexible.

Marsha is the oldest child in her family, Katina is the middle child, and Sally is the baby. Research suggests that:

Marsha will likely have the highest intelligence score.

Gender ________ are cognitive systems for interpreting gender-related activities.

Schemas

Julia was born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and her sister Bethany was born without this condition. Which is the most likely outcome? a. Julia will be more likely to prefer occupations involving "things" (for example, pilot) than Bethany. b. Julia will be more likely to prefer occupations involving "people" (for example, teacher) than Bethany. c. Bethany will be more likely than Julia to play with gender-atypical toys. d. Both girls will have similar toy preferences.

a. Julia will be more likely to prefer occupations involving "things" (for example, pilot) than Bethany.

Which of the following statements is true about toy preferences in the vervet monkey? a. Young male vervet monkeys prefer playing with trucks. b. Vervet monkeys socialize their children and guide their toy preferences. c. Vervet monkeys have evolved tendencies to interact with toys in different ways. d. Young male vervet monkeys prefer playing with dolls.

a. Young male vervet monkeys prefer playing with trucks.

All of the following statements are true of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) EXCEPT: a. boys born with CAH show increased preferences for playing with gender-atypical toys b. girls born with CAH show increased preferences for playing with gender-atypical toys c. parents may respond differently to children with CAH because they notice differences in their genitalia d. CAH is an inherited adrenal gland disorder that influences exposure to hormones in utero

a. boys born with CAH show increased preferences for playing with gender-atypical toys

Externalizing Problem

acting out in anti-social ways.

Confluence Theory

as the family gets larger the average overall intellectual climate drops.

Less sensitive parenting is more likely when mothers experience stress and their genes trigger lower levels of all the following EXCEPT: a. serotonin b. dopamine c. estrogen d. oxytocin

c. estrogen

One study examined three groups of poor children: children who entered foster care because of child maltreatment, children who endured maltreatment but remained at home, and those who were not maltreated or put into foster care. This study found: a. all three groups were equally likely to experience negative effects b. there was no difference between the two groups of maltreated children with both demonstrating high levels of behavior problems c. the group of maltreated children who entered foster care demonstrated the highest level of behavior problems d. the group of maltreated children who remained at home demonstrated the highest level of behavior problems

c. the group of maltreated children who entered foster care demonstrated the highest level of behavior problems

Sibling Differentiation

children's process of seeking out activities that resonate with their abilities and also reduce their competition with older siblings.

Gender Schema

cognitive systems for interpreting gender-related activities and roles.

Blended Family

consists of parents and children from current relationships and prior relationships. (Step-parents and step-children)

Bao is a 10-year-old boy growing up in China and Bradley is a 10-year-old boy growing up in the United States. Both boys have mothers who demonstrate what would be considered an authoritarian parenting style. What is the most likely outcome? a. This type of parenting style will be associated with negative outcomes for both boys. b. This type of parenting style will be associated with positive outcomes for both boys. c. This type of parenting style will be associated with more positive outcomes for Bradley compared to Bao. d. This type of parenting style will be associated with more positive outcomes for Bao compared to Bradley.

d. This type of parenting style will be associated with more positive outcomes for Bao compared to Bradley.

In the United States, recent changes in family structure include all the following EXCEPT: a. increase in families with same-sex partners b. increases in single-parent families c. increase in families in which parents divorce d. increases in families with young teen mothers

d. increases in families with young teen mothers

Ecological Systems Approach

emphasizes that contextual factors, including culture and social class, among others, are crucial to understanding the child's development within a family.

When rat mothers lick their offspring more, that increased care can turn on gene pathways that produce more neurotransmitters involved in reducing anxiety. This is an example of a(n):

epigenetic effect