Chapter 14 - Mechanical Hazards and Machine Guarding

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safeguarding

machine safeguarding is to minimize the risk of accidents of machine-operator contact

main mechanical hazards associated with robots

- entrapment of a worker between a robot and a solid surface -impact with a moving robot arm -impact with objects ejected or dropped by the robot

common mechanical injuries

-cutting and tearing -shearing -crushing -breaking -spraining/straining -puncturing

characteristics of safeguards

-prevent contact -be secure and durable -protect against falling objects -create no new hazards -no interference -allow safe maintenance

energy control procedure must contain:

-statement on how the procedure will be used -steps used to shut down, isolate, and secure machines/equipment -steps explaining safe placement of lockout/tagout devices -instructions for next shift

safety trip devices

include trip wires, trip rods, and body bars -stop the machine when tripped

energized

machines, equipment, and tools are energized if they are connected to an energy source or when they still contain stored energy even after being disconnected

photo-electric devices

optical devices that shut down the machine whenever the light field is broken

fixed guards

permanent barrier between workers and the point of operation

lockout

placing a lockout device on a energy-isolating device to prevent the accidental energizing of a machine during maintenance or servicing

tagout

placing a tag on energy-isolating devices to want people so that they do not accidentally energize the machine

adjustable guards

provide a barrier against a variety of different hazards associated with different production operations

restraint devices

pull the operator back from the danger zone

pullback devices

pull the operator's hands out of the danger zone when the machine starts to cycle

two hand controls

require the operator to use both hands concurrently to activate the machine

interlocked guards

shut down the machine when the guard is not securely in place or disengaged

robot's work envelope

the three-dimensional area established by the robot's full range of motion - the best safeguard for a robot is a barrier around the work envelope

guarding point of operation

any point of operation that might expose a person to injury must be guarded

radio-frequency devices

capacitance devices that brake the machine if the capacitance field is interrupted


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