Chapter 14 Micro

A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is ________.

AIDS

Contact dermatitis involves ________.

All of the choices are correct.

Degranulation of mast cells leads to ________.

All of the choices are correct.

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause ________.

All of the choices are correct.

A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered ________.

Atopic

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils

What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters that body for a second time?

Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils

Which type(s) of hypersensitivity is IgG involved with?

Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated

Which of the following is not a major organ that can be a target of immune complex deposition?

Brain

Which of the following is not a possible symptom of type I hypersensitivity?

Contact Dermatitis

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?

Degranulation

A person who is Rh˗ will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.

FALSE

Allergic rhinitis is also known as asthma

FALSE

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

FALSE

The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection.

FALSE

What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?

Graft versus host disease

Which is mismatched?

Hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity

What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B-cell survival and maturity?

Hypogammaglobulinemia

In the theory for allergic desensitization, which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE?

IgG

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a(n) ________ hypersensitivity

Immediate

Histamine causes all of the following except ________.

Increased sensitivity to pain

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

Inhalent

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

Injectant

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?

Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is ________.

Leukotriene

Human blood types involve all the following except ________.

MHC genes

A second encounter with an allergen that causes a response is called the ________.

Provocative dose

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the ________.

Sensitizing dose

A viral infection can cause type I diabetes mellitus

TRUE

A xenograft is graft tissue from a donor of one species transplanted to a recipient of another species.

TRUE

AIDS is a secondary immunodeficiency disease that affects several types of immune cells.

TRUE

During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

TRUE

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives

TRUE

Immunopathology is the disease state associated with the overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response.

TRUE

Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.

TRUE

Which of the following is not a theory to explain the origin of autoimmune diseases?

Theory of immune deficiency

A twelve year old girl received a pair of earrings from her friend for her birthday. The second time she wore them, her earlobes became red, itchy and inflamed, with blisters appearing within 48 hours. What type of hypersensitivity is causing the discomfort?

Type IV hypersensitivity

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to ________.

a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells

Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against ________.

acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle

Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor ________.

all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is ________.

allergic rhinitis

Autoimmunity is typically due to ________.

autoantibodies and T cells

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a(n) ________.

autograft

A well-functioning immune system should strike a balance between being over- and underreactive. An overreactive immune system results in hypersensitivities such as allergy and ________, while an underreactive immune system is due to ________.

autoimmunity; immunodeficiency

An antihistamine will ________.

bind to histamine receptors on target organs

The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of ________.

congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland

Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing ________.

desensitization

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when ________.

fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother

Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a(n) ________.

hypersensitivity

The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is ________.

immunopathology

Desensitization of an individual with allergies by injecting small amounts of the allergen under the skin is effective because it ________.

induces the formation of IgG antibodies that bind the the allergen before it is able to bind to the IgE associated with mast cells

Corticosteroids will ________.

inhibit the activity of lymphocytes

Each of the following is an autoimmune disease except ________.

metastatic cancer

In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies attack ________.

myelin sheath cells of the nervous system

Allergies run in families because ________.

relative production of IgE is inherited

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in ________.

serum sickness

A systemic, sometimes fatal reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is ________.

systemic anaphylactic

All of the following are associated with IgE and mast cell-mediated allergy except ________.

systemic lupus erythematosus

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except ________.

tuberculin reaction

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category ________.

type I only

The major categories of hypersensitivity that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is (are) ________.

type I, type II, and type III

Type II hypersensitivities differ from type III in that ________.

type II hypersensitivity involves the activation of complement proteins that attack and lyse cells, whereas type III involves the formation of immune complexes causing chronic inflammation