Chapter 14 Nutrition

Bone structure, blood clotting, aids in nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, enzyme activation

Calcium

Major negative ion of extracellular fluid, participates in acid production in stomach, aids nerve impulse, transmission, water, acid-base balance

Chloride

Major anion of intracellular fluid, bone and tooth strength, part of ATP and other metabolic compounds, cell membrane, acid-base balance

Phosphorus

Major positive ion of the intracellular fluid, aids nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction, suppresses renin-angiotensin system

Potassium

Absorption of dietary calcium in the duodenum is aided by

consumption of lactose, acidic enviroment, 1,25 OH2 vitamin D,

The force that develops when two solutions, each with a different concentration of solutes, are separated by a semipermeable membrane is

osmotic pressure

In the U.S., dietary intakes of the major minerals ______ and _______ often fall short of recommendations.

potassium, calcium

Most sodium consumed is from

processed foods and those purchased at restaurants.

Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed. Phytic acid is found mainly in

wheat grain fibers and beans

Intracellular cation, bone formation, stabilize ATP, DNA/RNA synthesis, aids enzyme function, aids nerve and heart function

Magnesium

Major positive ion of the extracellular fluid, aids nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction, water balance, aids glucose and amino acid absorption

Sodium

Part of vitamins and amino acids, aids in drug detoxification, acid-base balance

Sulfur

Why can taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements be potentially harmful?

Taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements can greatly diminish the absorption and metabolism of other minerals.

Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed. Oxalic acid is found in

green leafy veggies such as spinach

The consumption of a high-protein, high-sodium diet will tend to ________ ion concentration of the urine.

increase

Minerals most involved in fluid balance are

sodium and potassium

Order of water loss

urine production, skin losses, lung respiration, feces