chapter 14
social facilitation
the process by which a persons performance is increased when other members of the group engage in similar behaviors
fear appeal
a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing fear instead of rational analysis of the issue
attitude-discrepant behavior
behavior inconsistent with an attitude that may have the effect of modifying an attitude
intimacy
close acquaintance and familiarity; a characteristic of a relationship in which partners share their inner most feelings
evaluation apprehension
concern that others are evaluating our behavior
selective exposure
deliberately seeking and attending to information that is consistent with ones attitude
elaboration likelihood model
describes the ways in which people respond to persuasive messages
selective avoidance
diverting ones attention from information that is inconsistent with ones attitude
social psychology
field of psychology that studies the nature and cause of behavior and mental processes in social situations
discrimination
hostile behavior that results is directed against groups toward whom one is prejudice
romantic love
passion and intimacy
cognitive dissonance theory
people are thinking creatures who seek consistency in their behaviors and their attitudes- their views of the world
social decision schemes
rules for predicting the final outcome of group decision making on the basis of the members initial positions
social influence
studies the ways in which people influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in others
triangular model of love
Sternberg's view that love involves combinations of three compounds: Intimacy, passion, and commitment
attribution
a belief concerning why people behave in a certain way
social perception
a subfield of social psychology that studies the ways in which we form and modify impressions of others
situational attribution
an assumption that a persons behavior is determined by external circumstances such as the social pressure found in a situation
dispositional attribution
an assumption that a persons behavior is determined by internal causes such as personal traits
attitude
enduring behavioral and cognitive tendencies that are expressed by evaluating particular people, place or things with favor or disfavor
stereotyping
erroneous assumptions that all members of a group share the same traits or characteristics
deindividuation
group members adopt to group norms even if they don't like them
consummate love
passion, intimacy, and commitment
passion
strong romantic and sexual feelings
fundamental attribution error
the assumption that others act predominantly on the basis of their dispositions, even when there is evidence suggesting the importance of their situations
actor-observer effect
the combination of the tendency to attribute other peoples behavior to dispositional factors and our own behavior to situational influences
commitment
the decision to maintain a relationship
altruism
unselfish concern for the welfare of others
foot in the door
a method for inducing compliance in which a small request is followed by a larger request
attraction
an attitude of liking or disliking (negative attraction)
prejudice
an attitude toward a group tat leads people to evaluate the members of that group negatively
groupthink
process in which group members are influenced by cohesiveness and a dynamic leader to ignore external realities as they make decisions
A-B problem
the issues of how well we can predict behavior on the basis of attitude
diffusion of responsibility
the spreading or sharing of responsibility for a decision or behavior within a group
bystander effect
the tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently capable of helping
recency effort
the tendency to evaluate others in terms of the most recent impression
effort justification
the tendency to seek justification (acceptable reasons) for strenuous efforts
self serving bias
the tendency to view ones successes as stemming from internal factors and ones failures as stemming from external factors
primary effect
the tendendcy to evaluate other in terms of first impression
