chapter 14

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The Aboriginal population numbered approximately ________ upon European conquest?

300,000

In recent decades, the majority of immigrants coming to Australia have come from

Asia

Where did European colonization of Australia and Oceania begin?

Australia

What is the cultural origin of the majority of Australia's population?

British Isles (England, Scotland, Ireland)

Australia's number one trade partner is

China

The recent surge in growth in the mining sector is largely due to increased trade with which nation?

China

What country has seen its influence in Oceania grow considerably in the last decade?

China

What is the situation today between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians in Fiji?

Ethnic tensions exist between the two groups

New Caledonia has close political ties to

France

Which of the following places is NOT a sovereign and independent state as of 2016?

New Caledonia

What is the second-most populous country in the Australia/Oceania region?

Papua New Guinea

What nation of Melanesia is home to several major copper and gold mines?

Papua New Guinea

Which of the following has the smallest percent urban population?

Papua New Guinea

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the population pyramids of Australia and the Solomon Islands?

The Solomon Islands are growing faster than Australia.

what is the largest country (in terms of land area as well as population) in the region encompassing the Oceania region?

australia

By approximately what year was Australia settled by Aborigines?

by 2500 BCE

High islands

have a volcanic heritage

When Europeans arrived in Australia, what livelihood was most important to the Aborigines?

hunting and gathering

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

off the northeastern coast of Australia

What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy?

to promote immigration of (white) North Americans and Europeans to Australia at the expense of non-white groups

The Maori account for approximately what percentage of New Zealand's population?

15%

In what year did Hawaii gain statehood into the United States?

1959

What is the geographic limit of the extension given to nations of the Pacific by their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)?

200 miles

What is the approximate population of Australia?

24 million

What percent of Australia's current population is foreign-born?

25%

The Aboriginal population constitutes roughly what percentage of the population of contemporary Australia?

3%

Today, what percentage of Aboriginals live in urban areas?

70%

What percent of the population of New Zealand lives on the North Island?

70%

Of the following places in Australia/Oceania, which was the first to be settled by humans?

Australia

Papua New Guinea had been a colony of which nation?

Australia

The oldest two independent states in the region are

Australia and New Zealand

The two nations with the highest GNI per capita in the region are

Australia and New Zealand

Which two nations in the region have become a fledgling wine exporters?

Australia and New Zealand

What is the "Outback"?

Australia's huge, dry interior

Most native languages of Oceania belong to which language family?

Austronesian

Roughly half of New Zealand's exports go to

China, Australia and the European Union

Which of the following is NOT mined in Australia?

Diamonds

Which of the following areas of Australia/Oceania has NOT faced widespread environmental issues as a result of mining?

Hawaii

The Indian laborers who came to Fiji in the 19th century practice

Hinduism

What is New Zealand's current economic strategy?

It is one of the most market-oriented countries in the world.

Many of the luxury hotels along the Gold Coast of Australia are owned by (and cater to)

Japanese

Why are Maori land claims more contentious in New Zealand than are Aboriginal claims in Australia?

Maori constitute a larger proportion of the population and their land claims are more valuable than Aboriginal claims in Australia

What is the least developed and poorest part of Oceania?

Melanesia

The highlands of which island are home to more than one thousand languages?

New Guinea

In which country are Maoris the indigenous people?

New Zealand

Where did Australia's Aborigine population originate?

Southeast asia

The two largest cities in Australia are

Sydney and Melbourne

Tuvalu, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands are already experiencing disastrous flooding related to global climate change. What has been the response of the people on these islands?

The islands have banded together into a strong political union lobbying for a global solution to climate change.

Which country in Australia and Oceania is one of the world's most densely populated?

Tuvalu

Which nation forcibly annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898?

United States

Which nation maintains a strong geopolitical influence over Micronesia?

United States

What destroyed the Bikini Atoll?

a U.S. nuclear test

What is the "Pacific Solution" as proposed by Australia?

a government policy designed to dissuade refugees from targeting Australia as their goal

An atoll typically has all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT

a high central peak.

What causes a tsunami?

an offshore earthquake

The post-secondary educational attainment rates for Aborigines in Australia and Maori in New Zealand

are lower than average for both Aborigines in Australia and for Maori in New Zealand

The next frontier in resource extraction in the region may be

deep-sea mining

Much of Australia's economic wealth has been built upon

extraction of raw materials for export abroad to foreign industries

Viticulture refers to the growing of what crop?

grapes

Hawaii

is an ethnic mosaic of cultures, with people of Asian ancestry comprising a narrow majority of the population

Which of the following trio of factors influences the climates of New Zealand?

latitude, the moderating effects of the Pacific Ocean and proximity to local mountain ranges

What type of animals are most closely associated with Australia?

marsupials

In the early days of its colonization, Britain used Australia as a

prison colony.

Which exotic animal, introduced in Australia, reached plague proportions, and was finally brought under control only after the purposeful introduction of a disease that affected only this particular introduced species?

rabbits

What types of settlements are found within rural settlements in New Guinea?

shifting cultivation (swidden agriculture) and intercropping

In what part of Australia do most of its people live?

southeast

What event triggered a major slowdown in New Zealand's agricultural exports?

the British decision to join the European Union in 1973, which put in place strict agricultural protection policies

Which of the following is NOT located in Australia?

the Southern Alps

What caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species?

the accidental introduction of the non-native brown tree snake

Which part of the Australia/Oceania region receives the LEAST amount of precipitation?

the interior of Australia

In which part of Australia will one most likely find indigenous languages spoken?

the northern region and interior

What strategy has been valuable to both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to gain greater control over their ancestral land and resources?

the political process

What is the Asia Pivot?

the shift of American military away from the Middle East and toward the Asia-Pacific world, namely with the establishment of small & "lily-pad" bases scattered across the Pacific

What was the main purpose of the Native Title Bill, which became law in Australia in 1993?

to compensate Australia's aboriginal population for lands they had given up

Why did South Asians migrate to Fiji?

to fill labor shortages in the sugarcane fields

Many regions of Micronesia and Polynesia are highly dependent upon what form of income?

tourism

What fish is heavily harvested in the South Pacific Ocean?

tuna

Which is a strategy employed by China to exert its influence over selected nations of Oceania?

using the carrot of economic aid in return for support of Chinese policies in the region (such as in the form of UN votes in support of China)

What event sets off the process that creates an atoll?

volcanic eruption

What land form dominates much of New Zealand?

volcanic mountains


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