chapter 14
The Aboriginal population numbered approximately ________ upon European conquest?
300,000
In recent decades, the majority of immigrants coming to Australia have come from
Asia
Where did European colonization of Australia and Oceania begin?
Australia
What is the cultural origin of the majority of Australia's population?
British Isles (England, Scotland, Ireland)
Australia's number one trade partner is
China
The recent surge in growth in the mining sector is largely due to increased trade with which nation?
China
What country has seen its influence in Oceania grow considerably in the last decade?
China
What is the situation today between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians in Fiji?
Ethnic tensions exist between the two groups
New Caledonia has close political ties to
France
Which of the following places is NOT a sovereign and independent state as of 2016?
New Caledonia
What is the second-most populous country in the Australia/Oceania region?
Papua New Guinea
What nation of Melanesia is home to several major copper and gold mines?
Papua New Guinea
Which of the following has the smallest percent urban population?
Papua New Guinea
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the population pyramids of Australia and the Solomon Islands?
The Solomon Islands are growing faster than Australia.
what is the largest country (in terms of land area as well as population) in the region encompassing the Oceania region?
australia
By approximately what year was Australia settled by Aborigines?
by 2500 BCE
High islands
have a volcanic heritage
When Europeans arrived in Australia, what livelihood was most important to the Aborigines?
hunting and gathering
Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
off the northeastern coast of Australia
What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy?
to promote immigration of (white) North Americans and Europeans to Australia at the expense of non-white groups
The Maori account for approximately what percentage of New Zealand's population?
15%
In what year did Hawaii gain statehood into the United States?
1959
What is the geographic limit of the extension given to nations of the Pacific by their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)?
200 miles
What is the approximate population of Australia?
24 million
What percent of Australia's current population is foreign-born?
25%
The Aboriginal population constitutes roughly what percentage of the population of contemporary Australia?
3%
Today, what percentage of Aboriginals live in urban areas?
70%
What percent of the population of New Zealand lives on the North Island?
70%
Of the following places in Australia/Oceania, which was the first to be settled by humans?
Australia
Papua New Guinea had been a colony of which nation?
Australia
The oldest two independent states in the region are
Australia and New Zealand
The two nations with the highest GNI per capita in the region are
Australia and New Zealand
Which two nations in the region have become a fledgling wine exporters?
Australia and New Zealand
What is the "Outback"?
Australia's huge, dry interior
Most native languages of Oceania belong to which language family?
Austronesian
Roughly half of New Zealand's exports go to
China, Australia and the European Union
Which of the following is NOT mined in Australia?
Diamonds
Which of the following areas of Australia/Oceania has NOT faced widespread environmental issues as a result of mining?
Hawaii
The Indian laborers who came to Fiji in the 19th century practice
Hinduism
What is New Zealand's current economic strategy?
It is one of the most market-oriented countries in the world.
Many of the luxury hotels along the Gold Coast of Australia are owned by (and cater to)
Japanese
Why are Maori land claims more contentious in New Zealand than are Aboriginal claims in Australia?
Maori constitute a larger proportion of the population and their land claims are more valuable than Aboriginal claims in Australia
What is the least developed and poorest part of Oceania?
Melanesia
The highlands of which island are home to more than one thousand languages?
New Guinea
In which country are Maoris the indigenous people?
New Zealand
Where did Australia's Aborigine population originate?
Southeast asia
The two largest cities in Australia are
Sydney and Melbourne
Tuvalu, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands are already experiencing disastrous flooding related to global climate change. What has been the response of the people on these islands?
The islands have banded together into a strong political union lobbying for a global solution to climate change.
Which country in Australia and Oceania is one of the world's most densely populated?
Tuvalu
Which nation forcibly annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898?
United States
Which nation maintains a strong geopolitical influence over Micronesia?
United States
What destroyed the Bikini Atoll?
a U.S. nuclear test
What is the "Pacific Solution" as proposed by Australia?
a government policy designed to dissuade refugees from targeting Australia as their goal
An atoll typically has all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT
a high central peak.
What causes a tsunami?
an offshore earthquake
The post-secondary educational attainment rates for Aborigines in Australia and Maori in New Zealand
are lower than average for both Aborigines in Australia and for Maori in New Zealand
The next frontier in resource extraction in the region may be
deep-sea mining
Much of Australia's economic wealth has been built upon
extraction of raw materials for export abroad to foreign industries
Viticulture refers to the growing of what crop?
grapes
Hawaii
is an ethnic mosaic of cultures, with people of Asian ancestry comprising a narrow majority of the population
Which of the following trio of factors influences the climates of New Zealand?
latitude, the moderating effects of the Pacific Ocean and proximity to local mountain ranges
What type of animals are most closely associated with Australia?
marsupials
In the early days of its colonization, Britain used Australia as a
prison colony.
Which exotic animal, introduced in Australia, reached plague proportions, and was finally brought under control only after the purposeful introduction of a disease that affected only this particular introduced species?
rabbits
What types of settlements are found within rural settlements in New Guinea?
shifting cultivation (swidden agriculture) and intercropping
In what part of Australia do most of its people live?
southeast
What event triggered a major slowdown in New Zealand's agricultural exports?
the British decision to join the European Union in 1973, which put in place strict agricultural protection policies
Which of the following is NOT located in Australia?
the Southern Alps
What caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species?
the accidental introduction of the non-native brown tree snake
Which part of the Australia/Oceania region receives the LEAST amount of precipitation?
the interior of Australia
In which part of Australia will one most likely find indigenous languages spoken?
the northern region and interior
What strategy has been valuable to both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to gain greater control over their ancestral land and resources?
the political process
What is the Asia Pivot?
the shift of American military away from the Middle East and toward the Asia-Pacific world, namely with the establishment of small & "lily-pad" bases scattered across the Pacific
What was the main purpose of the Native Title Bill, which became law in Australia in 1993?
to compensate Australia's aboriginal population for lands they had given up
Why did South Asians migrate to Fiji?
to fill labor shortages in the sugarcane fields
Many regions of Micronesia and Polynesia are highly dependent upon what form of income?
tourism
What fish is heavily harvested in the South Pacific Ocean?
tuna
Which is a strategy employed by China to exert its influence over selected nations of Oceania?
using the carrot of economic aid in return for support of Chinese policies in the region (such as in the form of UN votes in support of China)
What event sets off the process that creates an atoll?
volcanic eruption
What land form dominates much of New Zealand?
volcanic mountains