Chapter 14 - Pedicuring

What is a callus softener product?

Callus softener products are designed to soften and smooth thickened calluses.

Toe separators

Foam rubber or cotton disposable materials used to keep toes apart while polishing the nails. A new set must be used on each client.

Why is cleaning and disinfection of pedicure baths important.

Improper, rushed, or careless cleaning of the pedicure bath may lead to health safety concerns for salon clients.

Explain the difference between a basic and a spa pedicure.

In the spa pedicure, the massage is performed on the foot and the leg to the knee. An exfoliation is also usually a portion of the spa pedicure, to remove dead cells from the skin on the leg, but may not be in the basic pedicure. The mask is an important part of the spa pedicure but is not included in the basic pedicure.

NMC

Nail Manufacturers council

What are the five unique pieces of equipment used in pedicures? Answer:

Pedicure station; pedicure stool; pedicure footrest; pedicure foot bath; pedicure carts

Foot soaks

Products containing gentle soaps, moisturizers, and other additives that are used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin.

Callus softeners

Products designed to soften and smooth thickened tissue (calluses)

toenail clippers

Professional implements that are larger than fingernail clippers and have a curved or straight jaw, specifically designed for cutting toenails.

Define reflexology and explain its benefits during a pedicure procedure.

Reflexology is a unique method of applying pressure with the thumb and index fingers to the hands and feet, and demonstrates health benefits. This specialty massage of the soles of the feet is offered by many professionals; it can employ many of the principles of acupressure and acupuncture. Reflexology is based on the principles that areas (reflexes) in the feet and hands correspond to all the organs, glands, and parts of the body. It is said that stimulating these reflexes or points can reflect positive energy and increase blood flow to these areas when pressed.

toenail nippers

Similar in design to fingernail nippers, but are larger, much stronger, and used to trim the toenail as opposed to trimming the excess cuticle.

Hyponychium

Slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate.

Microtrauma

The act of causing tiny unseen openings in the skin that can allow entry by pathogenic microbes.

What is the tool used to reduce the instance of an ingrown toenail and how should it be used?

The nail rasp is a metal file and is placed under the nail, angling the point of the rasp at the center of the nail and the remaining portion toward the side free edge. It is then gently pulled toward the lateral edge of the nail to reduce the sides of the free edge that might grow into the tissues and potentially cause in ingrown nail.

Ergonomics

The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, machines, or workspace so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently.

Pedicure station

These include a comfortable chair with an armrest and footrest for the client, and an ergonomic chair for the nail technician

Pedicure foot bath

This is filled with comfortably warm water and a product to soak the feet

Describe the three specialty materials used only when performing pedicures.

Toe separators; pedicure slippers; and gloves.

Exfoliating scrubs

Water-based lotions that contain a mild, gritty-like abrasive and moisturizers to help in removing dry, flaky skin and reduce calluses.

pedicure

a foot treatment that could include soaking the feet and polishing the toenails

What is the first step of the recommended post-service procedure for a pedicure service? a. Advise the client about proper foot care. b. Recommend products for the client to purchase. c. Schedule the client's next appointment. d. Prepare your work area for the next client.

a. Advise the client about proper foot care.

If products are synergistic, they: a. are designed to work well together b. should never be used together c. contain artificial preservatives d. contain prescription ingredients

a. are designed to work well together

A nail rasp is a type of: a. file b. curette c. nipper d. pusher

a. file

The primary purpose of the standard pedicure massage is: a. relaxational b. medicinal c. therapeutic d. none of these answers are correct

a. relaxational

If a client is left-handed, it is recommended that you start removing polish from the toenail on: a. the little toe on the right foot b. the little toe on the left foot c. the big toe on the right foot d. the big toe on the left foot

a. the little toe on the right foot

How long should the client's feet soak in the pedicure bath at the beginning of a pedicure service? a. 1 minute b. 5 minutes c. 8 minutes d. 12 minutes

b. 5 minutes

Which of the following is NOT a component of the post-service procedure? a. scheduling your client's next appointment b. greeting the client c. preparing for the next client d. helping the client through the payment process

b. greeting the client

Which implement is used to cut toenails? a. fingernail clippers b. toenail clippers c. nipper d. curette

b. toenail clippers

When performing a callus reduction service, how long should you leave the reduction product on the callus? a. 60 seconds b. 3 minutes c. 5 minutes or according to manufacturer's directions d. 10 minutes

c. 5 minutes or according to manufacturer's directions

When disinfecting a whirlpool bath at the end of the day, you should fill the basin with warm water and chelating detergent, and allow it to circulate through the system for: a. 30 to 60 seconds b. 3 to 5 minutes c. 5 to 10 minutes d. 15 to 20 minutes

c. 5 to 10 minutes

When disinfecting a whirlpool bath after a client service, what must you do next after draining all of the water from the basin? a. Refill the basin with warm, soapy water. b. Refill the basin with water and the recommended amount of disinfectant. c. Scrub all visible residue from the inside walls of the basin. d. Dry the basin with a clean paper towel.

c. Scrub all visible residue from the inside walls of the basin.

The process of prepping the sides of nonmetal files to be used in pedicures by removing sharp edges that are on all edges of files is called: a. easing b. dulling c. edging d. sealing

c. edging

Terry cloth mitts are routinely used over: a. Both of these answers are correct b. Neither of these answers is correct c. paraffin d. nail polish

c. paraffin

Clients should be instructed not to _____ 24 hours before a pedicure. a. eat fatty foods b. take aspirin c. shave their legs d. wash their feet

c. shave their legs

Basin soak baths are commonly made of: a. plastic or wood b. glass or ceramic c. steel or ceramic d. plastic or steel

c. steel or ceramic

The nail technician's pedicuring stool: a. may have a built-in footrest for the client b. should allow ergonomically correct positioning c. is low d. all of these answers are correct

d. all of these answers are correct

To reduce calluses, it is recommended that you: a. perform a safe amount of exfoliation during a pedicure with a scrub b. apply effective callus reduction products c. use the foot paddle d. all of these answers are correct

d. all of these answers are correct

You should NOT use nippers on the feet of clients who have: a. diabetes b. psoriasis c. neither of these answers is correct d. both of these answers are correct

d. both of these answers are correct

When performing a pedicure, your thumb should generally be placed: a. on the side of the foot b. between the toes c. on the top of the foot d. on the bottom of the foot

d. on the bottom of the foot

The end of a curette is: a. sharp and pointed b. flat and dull c. flat and sharp d. scoop-shaped

d. scoop-shaped

series pedicure

improvements to the feet that may require more than one appointment

INTA

international nail technicians association

Pedicure stool and footrest

is usually low to make it ergonomically easier for the pedicurist to work on the client't feet. some of them come with a built-in footrest for the client's feet. the seat must be comfortable and allow ergonomically-correct position

subungual

pertaining to under the nail

Basin soak baths

stainless steel or ceramic

Electric foot mitts

the feet are put into these after the application of lotion; help the conditioning agents of the lotion penetrate more effectively provides relaxation n comfort

Terry cloth mitts

these are placed over the feet after lotion/paraffin has been applied; hold in the heat and encourage conditioning

Pedicure cart

unit designed to keep supplies organized

hot stones

used in pedicure not manicures they can be incorporate into manicure. hot stones for pedicures are usually upscale service includes massage of the feet and legs.stone are not hot they're merely comfortably warm/

Curette

A small, scoop-shaped implement used for more efficient removal of debris from the nail folds, eponychium, and hyponychium areas.

nail nipper

A stainless-steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails.

Reflexology

A unique method of applying pressure with thumb and index fingers to the hands and feet, and it has demonstrated health benefits.

mask

Also known as pack or masques; concentrated treatment products often composed of herbs, vitamins, mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, beneficial extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate and nourish and treat the skin.

foot files

Also known as pedicure paddles; large, abrasive files used to reduce and smooth thicker foot calluses.

Pedicure paddle

A large abrasive file used to smooth and reduce thicker areas of calluses

List the steps in a basic pedicure.

1. Check the temperature of the bath; soak feet for 5-10 minutes 2. Lift the first foot from bath, use the towel to wrap around the foot and dry, place the foot on the footrest; 3. Remove polish; 4. Trim toenails; 5. Toe nail rasp if needed - only on big toe; 6. File nails; 7. Buff nails; apply callus softener and cuticle remover to calluses and wrap foot in towel; 8. Remove first foot from towel wrap, use wooden pusher to remove dead tissue; use foot file; exfoliate with a scrub; 9. Place the first foot in foot bath and rinse foot; use nail brush; wrap loosely in towel; 10. Repeat steps 8-9 on other foot; 11. Use wooden pusher to apply cuticle remover to first foot; 12. Remove cuticle tissue from nail plate with pusher; nipper; loosley re-wrap foot; 13. If necessary - use currette on first foot to push the soft tissue folds away from the walls of the lateral nail plate; 14. Dip your client's first foot into foot bath; brush with nail brush; wrap in towel; repeat 11-13 on second foot; 15. Apply lotion and massage; 16. Massage; 17. Massage the second foot; 18. Remove traces of lotion; 19. Put on pedicure slippers; apply nail dehydrator; apply base coat; polish; top coat

Nail rasp

A metal implement with a grooved edge that is used for filing and smoothing the edges of the nail plate.

List the steps in a foot and leg massage.

1. Rest the client's heel on a footrest; grasp leg gently above ankle; use your other hand to hold the foot just beneath the toes; rotate the entire foot in a circular motion; 2. Hold the foot and move the other hand to the dorsal surface of the foot; place the base of you rpalm of that hand on top of the foot behind the toes; slide up the ankle area with gentle pressure of the palm and heel of your hand; repeat 3-5 times in the middle, then on the sides of the dorsal surface; lift the palm each time to return to the initial position of the slide after reaching the ankle; 3. Keep one hand in contact with the foot; slide the other hand and place the thumb on the plantar surface of the foot with the fingers gently holding the dorsal side of the foot; slide the other hand to the same position on the foot, opposite side; move one thumb in a firm circular movement, moving from one side of the foot, across, above the heel, up the medial side of the foot to below the toes, across the ball of and back down the other side of the foot to the original position; move the thumb of the other hand across and up the outside of the foot, ,then down to its original position; the base of the thumbs through to the pad of the fingers should be in contact with the skin throughout the movement; 4. Alternate the movements of the thumbs in a smooth, firm motion. Repeat several times; 5. Perform the same thumb movement on the surface of the heels, rotating your thumbs in opposite directions; repeat 3-5 times; 6. Place your one hand on top of the foot, cupping it, and make a fist with your other hand. The hand on top of the foot will press the foot toward you while your other hand twists into the instep of the foot. Repeat 3-5 times; 7. Transition your hands, then start with the little toe by placing the thumb on the top of the toe and arching the index finger underneath it; push the fingers and thumb in that position back to the base of the finger, then rotate the thumb and finger in a circular, effleurage movement until the index is arched over the top of the finger with the thumb underneath; pull the finger and thum toward the end of the toes; 8. Hold the tip of the toe, starting with the little toe, and make a figure 8 with each toe; repeat 3-5 times on each toe and then transition to the next one; after the last movement on each toe, gently squeeze the tip once, then transition to the next one; 9. Return your hands to the position in #4 and repeat 3-4.