Chapter 14 Quantitative Psychology
In a 2 × 2 design with 40 participants equally distributed across the conditions, what are ______ and ______.
= 2; = 20
If you had two independent variables, each with three levels (3 x 3) but were only interested in main effects, you could do a two-factor analysis of variance or which other test?
ANOVA
If an independent variable has a significant effect on the outcome variable, you have a main effect.
False
The factorial ANOVA can only test for main effects.
False
When your main effects are significant, your interaction effects will also be significant in all cases.
False
A researcher was interested in whether the type of car people bought and the number of children they had under the age of 18 affected the number of speeding tickets they received in a given year.The study design was a 4 x 3.Here is the information about the variables:Car type: SUV Sports Sedan Minivan# of children: 0 1-2 3+The results indicate that neither type of car nor number of children was directly associated with the number of speeding tickets. But, people with SUVs and 3+ children had significantly more speeding tickets than any other groups.What is the correct interpretation of this finding?
There is an interaction effect for car type and number of children but there are no main effects.
Interaction effects occur between independent variables.
True
Participants are tested only once in the factorial ANOVA.
True
The factorial ANOVA is used when there are multiple independent variables.
True
The test statistic used in the factorial ANOVA is the F-test.
True
Researchers often use factorial designs because ______.
both allow us to see the interaction of factors and more closely approximate the real world
In a two-way ANOVA, the interaction effect is the ______.
extent to which the influence one factor has on scores depends on the level of the other factor
What is another term for the two-way analysis of variance?
factorial ANOVA
What type of ANOVA should be used when examining more than one factor?
factorial ANOVA
You want to create an intervention to improve the well-being of graduate students in a counseling program. You give one group of students specific doses of rocky road ice cream, the second group of students specific doses of licorice, and the third group of students specific doses of chewy fruit-flavored candies for their treatments. As a second factor, you include students in their first semester of their first year of graduate school as one cohort and students in the first semester of their second year of graduate school as the other cohort. To analyze the differences in well-being between the students in the three different "treatments" and two cohorts, you use a(n) ______.
factorial analysis of variance
You are a researcher interested in examining whether attitudes toward learning differ based on students' grade in school (first, second, third, etc.). What is the independent variable of interest?
grade level
You want to examine whether television viewing through social learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third). What is the independent variable of interest?
grade level
When the analysis of data reveals differential effects of one factor across levels of another factor, what is this called?
interaction effect
Your analysis notes that males in a weight loss study differ from females in the weight loss study in the amount of weight lost based on the type of weight loss program used. What type of effect is this called?
interaction effect
If your analysis shows that participants in a weight loss study differ in amount of weight lost based on their gender, what type of effect is this?
main
A(an) ______ is when an analysis of the data reveals a difference between the levels of any factor.
main effect
The effect of one factor in a factorial ANOVA is called the ______.
main effect
What is the term for an analysis of data that reveals a difference between levels of a factor?
main effect
The factorial ANOVA can be used to test which of the following?
main effects and interaction effects of the independent variables
A factorial design involves ______.
measuring more than one dependent factor (variables)
We use the factorial ANOVA when we have ______.
more than one independent variable
An analysis that examines more than one dependent variable or outcome is known as _______ ANOVA.
multivariate
What type of ANOVA is used when there is only one type of treatment or grouping factor with more than two levels?
one-way
You want to examine the impact of three different types of wall paint colors (blue, green, and yellow) on how often toddlers cry. Which test is appropriate to use?
one-way ANOVA
In the factorial ANOVA, how many times are participants tested?
only once
In the factorial ANOVA, subjects are measured ______.
only once
Results from an ANOVA are placed in what type of table?
source
Two variables interact when ______.
the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of the other independent variable
A significant interaction effect indicates that ______.
the influence of one factor is not the same for each level of the other factor
A main effect indicates ______.
the mean differences among the levels of one variable
The number of main effects is equal to ______.
the number of independent variables
In the main effect F(1,12) = 5.25, p < 0.05, the symbol p stands for ______.
the probability level
How many null hypotheses are associated with a two-way ANOVA?
three
How many null hypotheses are used in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA?
three
Use a factorial ANOVA when there is/are ______ variable/s.
two independent
A two-way ANOVA means that the experimental design includes ______.
two independent variables
Another name for a factorial ANOVA is ______.
two-way ANOVA
When an experiment design has two factors but one factor involves related samples while the other factor involves independent samples, we should perform a ______.
two-way mixed-design ANOVA
What type of analysis is factorial ANOVA?
univariate
In what condition do you use the factorial ANOVA?
when you have more than one independent variable
A study design of 2 x 4 has how many possible combinations of factors?
8
A two-way ANOVA contains ______.
a main effect for each factor and an interaction
A study design of 2 x 4 has how many independent variables?
2
A two-factor research design has _____ independent variables and ______ dependent variables
2, 1 or more
A study design of 2 x 4 has how many levels in the second factor?
4
How many conditions would there be in a factorial design with 2 levels of factor A and three levels of factor B?
6
How many participants would be required for a completely randomized 4 × 5 between-subjects design with three observations per cell?
60
If you find that income significantly varies on the basis of gender, you have ______.
a main effect
In a two-way ANOVA, an F involving a comparison among the level means of a factor is referred to as a test for the significance of ______.
a main effect
What do we call results that show a difference between levels of a factor?
a main effect
